职业紧张对油田野外作业女工主观幸福感的影响

Impact of occupational stress on subjective well-being of female field petroleum workers

[目的]了解职业紧张对油田野外作业女工主观幸福感的影响,为进一步通过职业紧张干预,提高油田野外作业女工主观幸福感提供科学依据。[方法]于2014年1—8月,采用整群抽样的方法,抽取新疆石油管理局在岗1年以上油田野外作业女工700名,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和主观幸福感量表(GWB)对上述人群进行职业紧张和主观幸福感的调查。[结果]共回收问卷637份,问卷回收率为91.0%。不同性别的油田野外作业工人职业紧张得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工龄长、已婚的油田野外作业女工主观幸福感总分高于工龄短、未婚女工(P<0.05);收入高的油田野外作业女工对健康的担心得分高于收入低者(P<0.05);钻井女工对生活的满足和兴趣、忧郁或愉快的心境、对情感和行为的控制得分均高于采油女工(P<0.05),职业紧张程度高的油田野外作业女工,其对生活的满足和兴趣较低(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现,影响主观幸福感的因素为工龄、个体紧张反应得分,其中个体紧张反应的影响方向为负向(b'=-0.143)。[结论]不同个体特征油田野外作业女工主观幸福感水平存在差异;影响油田野外作业女工主观幸福感的因素为工龄和个体紧张反应。

[ Objective ] To evaluate the impact of occupational stress on subjective well-being of female field petroleum workers and to provide a scientific basis for further improvement through appropriate occupational stress interventions.[ Methods ] From January to August 2014, using a cluster sampling approach, 700 female field petroleum workers with more than one year of working experience in their positions were recruited from Xinjiang Petroleum Administration Bureau. Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised （OSI-R） and General Well-Being Schedule （GWB） were used to conduct a survey.[ Results ] A total of 637 questionnaires were returned, and the recovery rate was 91.0%. There was no difference in occupational stress between different gender groups （P 〉 0.05）. Female field petroleum workers who had more working years and were married showed higher subjective well-being scores than those who had less working years and were single （P 〈 0.05）. The participants with higher income showed higher scores of health concerns than those with lower income （P 〈 0.05）. Female well drilling workers showed higher scores of life satisfaction and interest, melancholy or pleasant mood, plus control of emotion and behavior than female oil extraction workers （P〈0.05）. Female workers＇ life satisfaction and interest levels were decreased with increasing occupational stress level （P〈0.05）. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that working age and personal stress response score were the impact factors of subjective well-being. Especially, personal stress response negatively affected subjective well-being （b＇=-0.143）.[ Conclusion ] The levels of subjective well-being are varied in the studied female field petroleum workers grouped by selected individual characteristics. Working age and personal stress response may affect their subjective well-being.