5家硬质合金生产企业车间粉尘浓度的测定及评价

Determination and assessment of dust concentrations in five hard alloy manufacturing enterprises

[目的]了解硬质合金生产行业硬质合金粉尘危害现状,为预防控制该行业职业病危害提供科学依据。[方法]选取株洲市5家硬质合金生产企业开展职业卫生学调查及危害因素检测,分析职业接触硬质合金粉尘在不同工艺流程及不同规模企业间的分布特征并进行职业危害风险评估。[结果]工人工作场所钨及其化合物职业接触水平为<0.015~6.46 mg/m(3中位数0.09 mg/m^3)。钴及其化合物职业接触水平为<0.007~0.677 mg/m^3(中位数0.017 mg/m^3),其中配料及湿磨操作岗、喷雾干燥、烧结、机加、成品机加及成品包装岗钴及其化合物职业接触水平超标。不同工艺流程间作业人员职业接触血钨及其化合物及钴及其化合物水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据风险评估结果,配料及湿磨操作岗、喷雾干燥属于高风险作业。[结论]工人作业场所钨及其化合物及钴及其化合物存在一定程度超标。配料及湿磨操作岗、喷雾干燥、烧结,成品机加及成品包装岗为该行业职业病危害的关键控制岗位。

[ Objective ] To provide a scientific basis for occupational disease control by analyzing the status and characteristics of occupational exposure to hard alloy dust. [ Methods ] Five hard alloy manufacturing enterprises in Zhuzhou City were selected for occupational health investigation and hazard detection. We described the distributions of the hazards in different technological processes and enterprises of different sizes and assessed the relevant occupational health risks.[ Results ] The ranges of air exposure level of tungsten and its alloys and cobalt and its alloys in selected workstations were 〈0.015-6.46mg/m3 （median, 0.09 mg/m3） and 〈0.007-0.677 mg/m3 （median, 0.017 mg/m3）, respectively. Batching and wet-grinding, drying, sintering, machining, and product packaging workers had air cobalt exposure levels higher than the national standard limit. There were significant differences in the air levels of tungsten and its alloys and cobalt and its alloys between the workers doing different types of work （P〈 0.05）. Workers were subjected to high-risk task at batching and wet-grinding workstation or drying workstation according to the results of risk assessment.[ Conclusion ] The air levels of tungsten and its alloys and cobah and its alloys in selected workplaces are above the national standard limit. Key control workstations are identified including batching and wet-grinding, drying, sintering, machining, and product packaging.