论我国产品责任归责原则的完善——以《产品质量法》第41、42条为分析对象

On the Perfection of Doctrine of Liability Fixation in Product Liability of China:Taking Article 41,42 of the Law on Product Quality as analytical subjects

缺陷产品造成人身或财产损害,产品生产者就要对消费者承担赔偿责任,即产品生产者承担的是严格责任,产品、服务侵权责任突破合同的相对性规则并向严格责任转变,产品责任归责原则已由过去的过错责任发展到目前过错责任与严格责任的二元并立。我国《食品安全法》(2015年)第148条进一步明确了生产者、销售者之间的连带责任机制:接到消费者赔偿要求的生产经营者,应当实行首负责任制,先行赔付,不得推诿。基于对《产品质量法》第41条、第42条的法律解释,对生产者的归责原则应当适用严格责任,而销售者应当适用二元责任归责原则。建议将《食品安全法》第148条的生产经营者"首负责任制"规定类推适用于所有涉及消费者人身或财产安全的产品责任领域,以填补法律漏洞,并统一我国司法实践中的裁判。

The doctrine of liability fixation in product liability has been developed from the fault liability in the past to the dual form of fault liability and strict liability in the present, Article 148 of Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China(2015) further clarifies the joint liability mechanism between the producers and the sellers, producers or traders, whichever is the first to receive such a claim, shall pay damages in advance, and shall not shuffle off the responsibility onto the other. Based on the legal interpretation of the Article 41,42 of the Law on Product Quality the producer's liability shall be applied to the doctrine of strict liability, and the sellers' shall be applied to the dual Liabilities. In order to fill the legal loopholes and unify the judicial practice of judgments, 'the doctrine of first liability' of Article 148 of Food Safety Law shall be advised to apply to all fields of product liabilities concerning consumers' personal safety and the security of their property.