高寒地区增加土壤温度对暴马丁香光合特性的影响

The Effect of Increasing Soil Temperature on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Syringa reticulata in Alpine Permafrost

为促进暴马丁香在高海拔冻土地区的生长,通过使用陶瓷太阳能集热增温措施,人工增加土壤温度,分别设置2.0℃(S_1)、3.0℃(S_2)、4.0℃(S_3)、5.0℃(S_4)4种增温梯度和1个CK对照组,分析不同土壤温度下暴马丁香的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度的变化。结果表明:在4种处理中,S_3、S_4的暴马丁香叶片的净光合速率较大,其增长率分别为13.16%和16.65%;S_4叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度最大,其增长率分别为58.89%和9.17%,S_3、S_4的暴马丁香叶片的胞间CO_2浓度较大,增长率分别为14.63%和20.43%。土壤温度与暴马丁香叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度呈极显著相关,与蒸腾速率呈显著相关。综合各项指标分析,土壤温度增加4.0~5.0℃,最适宜暴马丁香的生长。

In order to promote the growth of Syringa reticulata in the high altitude permafrost areas, this study increased soil temperature artificially through the system of ceramic solar collectors, and set up 4 warming gradients of 2.0℃ （S1）, 3.0℃ （S2）, 4.0℃ （S3）, 5.0℃ （S4）, and 1 CK control group, respectively, to analyse the changes of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration changes under different soil temperatures of S.reticulata′s leaves. The results showed that in 4 treatments, the net photosynthetic rate of the group of S3 and S4 were larger, and the growth rate was 13.16% and 16.65%, respectively. The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of S4 were the largest and the growth rate was 58.89% and 9.17%, respectively. The intercellular CO2 concentration of S3, S4 were the highest, and the growth rate was 14.63% and 20.43%, respectively. It was indicated that soil temperature has a very significant relation with net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration, and soil temperature and the transpiration rate were significantly related. Based on the analysis of the indicators all above, it showed that it was the most appropriate condition for S.reticulata growth to increased soil temperature by 4.0℃ to 5.0℃.