1998—2014年阿克苏河流域耕地景观时空变化研究

Spatial-temporal Change of Cultivated Land in Aksu River Basin During 1998-2014

以新疆阿克苏河流域为研究对象,利用遥感和GIS解译了研究区1998年、2002年、2006年、2010年、2014年5个时相的Landsat TM/ETM/OLI遥感影像数据。针对耕地信息,分别从耕地面积动态变化、耕地重心空间迁移、耕地景观格局变化等分析阿克苏河流域耕地近16年的变化过程,并从人口增长、社会经济增长、水利设施建设等方面分析这些因素对该流域耕地变化的影响。结果表明:整个流域耕地面积持续增加,上、中、下游耕地面积增加幅度有所不同,下游耕地面积增幅最大,上游次之,中游最小;流域上、中、下游耕地重心坐标在不同时段内分别向不同方向迁移,但总体表现为上游向东迁移,中游向南迁移,下游向北迁移;流域内耕地间逐渐聚拢,空间上接连成片,斑块面积不断增大,景观异质性降低;阿克苏地区人口和社会经济的持续增长是流域耕地面积持续扩张的重要原因,水利设施的配套建设保证了不断增加的耕地的用水灌溉。

Taken Akesu river basin in Xinjiang Province as the study area, remote sensing and GIS technologies were used to reconstruct the Landsat TM/ETM/OLI remote sensing images in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. The changes of cultivated land in Akesu river basin during the past 16 years were analyzed from the dynamic changes of cultivated land area, barycentric migraton of the cultivated land, landscape pattern change of cultivated land, etc., respectively. And the influence of population growth, socieconomic growth, and water conservancy construction on cultivated land change was also analyzed. The results showed that the cultivated land area continued to increase, and the increased area in different regions varied, the lower reaches increased most, then was the upper reaches, the middle reaches increased the least. The focus of the cultivated land of different regions in different period has shifted to different directions, specifically as the upper reaches have shifted to the east, the middle reaches have shifted to the south, and the lower reaches have shifted to the north. The cultivated landscapes were characterized from separated into continuous land patches, the area of cultivated land patches have become bigger in past periods and the landscape heterogeneity declined. Population and socioeconomic growth were the major reasons for the continued expansion of cultivated land in Akesu river basin, and the construction of the water conservancy facilities ensured the irrigation of the increasing cultivated land.