硼酸铵-磷酸氢二铵协效阻燃杨木单板的制备与表征研究

Preparation and Characterization of Ammonium Borate-Diammonium Phosphate Synergistic Flame Retardant Poplar Veneer

利用极限氧指数、水平垂直燃烧测试、热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)比较研究了硼酸铵与磷酸氢二铵复配阻燃杨木单板的阻燃性能及热解特性。结果表明:磷酸氢二铵的阻燃性能优于硼酸铵,两者复配使用时具有明显的协效性;质量浓度为20%的复合阻燃剂溶液处理杨木单板的氧指数和残炭量最高,分别为61%和53.5%,在水平垂直燃烧试验中也显现出优异的阻燃性能;复合阻燃剂降低了热解阶段的初始分解温度、峰值分解温度和各阶段的表观活化能;燃烧后的SEM分析表明,阻燃剂的加入使得杨木单板在燃烧过程中形成了保护层,有效阻止了热和氧气的交换,从而提高了杨木单板的阻燃性能。

index, horizontal and vertical burning tests, thermosgravimetric analysis （TGA） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that the flame retardancy of diammonium hydrogen phosphate was better than ammonium borate trihydrate. The obvious synergistic effects between diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium borate trihydrate were found, the oxygen index and the remaining amount of carbon residue could approach to 61% and 53.5%, respectively, using 20% concentration treatment, it also exhibits superior flame retardancy at horizontal and vertical burning tests. Moreover, the onset decomposition temperature, peak decomposition temperature and activation energy of each stage were reduced, with the addition of the composite flame retardant, the SEM images indicating protective chars formed from the treated wood, terminating the transmission of heat and oxygen.