浅析模块式理论模型和认知模型理论

A Tentative Analysis of Modular Theory and Cognitive Mode Theory

二十世纪五十年代末,乔姆斯基提出了语言体系的模型理论,构成了转换生成语法的基本理论。他的语言学理论是建立在两个假设基础上的:模块化和自治性。他最终的目的是根据内模块和外模块理论为语言体系建立一个抽象的理论模型。乔姆斯基认为句法是自治的,而且他认为语言是自治的模块体系。但是,基于人类基本的认知方式和能力,认知语言学家认为语言并不是完全独立于其他学科,并且构建出了认知模型。主要把模型理论的形式化、普遍语法的客观性与认知理论的意象图式及形式空间化假设进行比较,从中可以得出这两种理论各自的优缺点。客观主义形式化和普遍语法被认知语言学批判。认知语言学家认为语言不能与人类其他认知能力相分离。语言与其他知识和能力分开是武断的,它是天生因素和后天因素相互作用的有机结果。

In the end of 1950s, Chomsky has proposed the modular theory of language system, which became the basic theory of Transformational- Generative Grammar. We can say that his language theory is found on these two hypotheses： autonomy and modularity. His final aim is to hope to build an abstract theoretical mode for language system according to the thought of internal and external modularity. Chomsky believes that syntax is autonomous. And he believes that language is the autonomous modular system. However, based on human foundamentary cognitive way and capacity, cognitive linguistics believes that language is not completely separated from other subjects and builds the cognitive mode. This paper mainly compares the formalization , universal grammar and objectivism of modular theory with schemas, Spatialization of Form Hypothesis and subjectivism of cognitive theory, from which we can get advantages and disadvantages of these two theories respectively. The objectivism formalization and universal grammar are criticized fully by the theory of cognitive mode. Cognitive grammar does consider language to be indissociable from other facets of human cognition. Only arbitrarily can language be sharply delimited and distinguished from other kinds of knowledge and ability. Rather it emerges organically from the interaction of varied inherent and experiential factors.