干旱胁迫对不同类型花生根系生理特性及产量品质的影响

Effect of Drought Stress on Root Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Different Peanut Varieties

以干旱敏感型品种花育23号和抗旱型品种花育25号为材料,在防雨棚栽培池内进行土柱栽培试验,设置充足灌水和中度干旱胁迫2个水分处理,系统研究干旱胁迫对两花生品种根系生理生化特征及产量和品质的影响。研究表明,干旱胁迫处理下,两品种0-20cm土层根系中可溶性糖和脯氨酸积累量最大增幅出现的时间不同,花育25号对干旱胁迫的响应相对较早;干旱胁迫下,两品种0-20cm和20-40cm土层内根系活力在播种后30~50d增幅最大,花育25号和花育23号分别为203.62%、393.97%和74.62%、227.22%。干旱胁迫显著增加两品种籽仁蛋白质含量;花育23号脂肪含量和油酸/亚油酸(O/L)值因干旱胁迫而显著降低但对花育25号无显著影响。干旱胁迫显著降低两花生品种的荚果和籽仁产量,花育23号荚果和籽仁的减产率均在55%以上,而花育25号仅在38%以下。

The drought resistant variety Huayu25 and drought sensitive variety Huayu23 were planted in the rain-proof shelter using the soil column under well-watered and moderate drought conditions. The root in different soil layers were collected at 30 d, 50 d, 75 d, 75 d and 132 d after sowing respectively. Effects of drought stress on root physiological and biochemical characteristics, yield and quality of two peanut varieties were studied. The results showed that the largest accumulation time of the root soluble sugar and proline content in the 0-20 cm soil layer of two varieties were different under drought stress. The Huayu25 could quickly response to drought stress. The biggest increase time of root activity in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer of two varieties were during 30d to 50d after so wing under drought stress. The increased degree of Huayu25 in the two soil layer were 203.62% and 393.97% respectively, and which of Huayu23 were 74. 62% and 227. 22% respectively. Drought stress significantly reduced the pods and seeds yield but increased the seed protein content of two vari- eties, and had no effect on soluble sugar content. The fat content and oleic acid/linoleic acid （O/L） ratio of Huayu23 were significantly reduced under drought stress, and the reduction degree were 7. 657 % and 16. 825 % respectively. Drought stress did not affect the fat content and oleic acid/linoleic acid （O/L） ratio of Huayu25 significantly. The reduction rates of pods and seeds of Huayu23 were above 55%, but that of Huayu25 were under 38%.