骨科创伤患者医院获得性肺炎的危险因素

Risk factors for healthcare-associated pneumonia in patients with orthopedic injury

目的分析骨科创伤患者医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的危险因素,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法回顾性调查2011年6月—2015年5月某院骨科病房创伤患者发生HAP的情况,并采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果共调查骨科创伤患者2 578例,发生HAP92例,HAP发病率3.57%。92例HAP患者共检出病原菌107株,主要为肺炎克雷伯菌(22株,占20.56%)、大肠埃希菌(14株,占13.08%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(13株,占12.15%)等。住院日数≥15 d、吸烟史≥3年、卧床≥7 d、伴有基础疾病、合并症、留置导尿管≥7 d、采用手术治疗、采用机械通气、入住ICU、开放性损伤、血糖≥11 mmol/L、血浆清蛋白<30 g/L、血红蛋白浓度<90 g/L和糖皮质激素使用≥4 d等14个因素均是骨科创伤患者发生HAP的危险因素(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、卧床、手术治疗、机械通气、使用糖皮质激素和贫血6个因素为骨科创伤患者发生HAP的独立危险因素。结论骨科创伤患者HAP与多种因素有关,其中以手术治疗、机械通气、糖皮质激素使用、长期吸烟、卧床和贫血等6个因素为主。

Objective To analyze the risk factors for healthcare-associated pneumonia（HAP）in patients with orthopedic injury,provide the basis for making prevention and control measures.Methods HAP occurred in patients with orthopedic injury and admitted to the department of orthopedics of a hospital from June 2011 to May 2015 were investigated retrospectively,risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods.Results A total of 2 578 patients with orthopedic injury were investigated,92 patients developed HAI,incidence of HAP was 3.57%.107 strains of pathogens were detected,the major were Klebsiella pneumoniae（n=22,20.56%）,Escherichia coli（n=14,13.08%）,and Acinetobacter baumannii（n=13,12.15%）.Risk factors for HAP in patients with orthopedic injury were length of hospital stay≥15 days,smoking history≥3 years,bedridden≥7 days,associated with underlying diseases,complications,indwelling catheter≥7 days,surgical operation,mechanical ventilation,admitted to intensive care unit,open injury,blood sugar≥11 mmol/L,plasma albumin〈30 g/L,hemoglobin concentration〈90 g/L,and use of glucocorticoid≥4 days（all P〈0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,bedridden,surgery,mechanical ventilation,glucocorticoid use,and anaemia were independent risk factors for HAP in patients with orthopedic injury.Conclusion The occurrence of HAP in patients with orthopedic injury is related with multiple factors,the major are surgical operation,mechanical ventilation,glucocorticoid use,long term smoking,bedridden,and anaemia.