基于遥感探测数据的月球玄武岩分类研究进展

Review on Lunar Basalt Classification Based on Remote Sensing Data

月球玄武岩是月球岩石构成的重要种类之一,出露月表面积占全月表的17%,主要填充在月球正面的大型平坦盆地中。月海玄武岩被认为是来源于早期岩浆分异作用产生的月幔堆积物重熔,在超压作用下喷出月表,因而较为年轻,较少受到大的撞击扰动,保存的信息较为完整。不同的玄武岩地质单元的时代、分布和体积提供了月幔熔融作用的时空分布记录,有助于理解月幔演化、月球内部成分结构和物质组成,具有十分重要的研究价值。介绍了玄武岩的探测背景,以及主要组成矿物的结构、化学成分及光谱表现,重点介绍了基于遥感探测数据的玄武岩分类情况,并总结了目前研究成果中存在的不足。

Lunar basalts are one important type of lunar rocks, covering- 17% of the lunar surface and mainly distributed in large flat basins in lunar near-side. They are considered to be originated from the lunar mantle deposits which result from early lunar magma ocean differentiation. Lunar basahs underwent less large impact disturbances and are relatively young, preserving early information of lunar volcanism. Different basalt geological units can provide temporal and spatial distribution records of lunar mantle melting, help to understand the evolution history of the lunar mantle and its composition, and is worthy of further research. This paper first presents some pioneering work of lunar basalts detection, and then describes the structure, chemical composition and spectral characteristics of major minerals of lunar basalt. Finally, different lunar basalt classifications based on remote sensing data are introduced. The method, results and inadequacy of each type of classification are also summed up.