中美雾霾报道的跨文化语篇认知构架探析

A Contrastive Discoursal Study of Cognitive Frames in Chinese and American Smog Reports

从中美媒体各选30篇报道组成数据库,以语步结构和社会认知研究构架为理论基础,探究中美雾霾新闻报道中不同认知构架。对比分析发现:中国记者报道的雾霾新闻中更多引用官方人士对雾霾的看法,更强调政府在应对环境问题上采取的举措,因此新闻立场中贯有政府的立场,该立场受政府、集体价值观的影响;相对而言,美国新闻社所报道的中国雾霾新闻中负面词汇较多,新闻中充满了记者本人或引用他人的对中国环境问题的消极评论,且在美国雾霾报道中多用了"must"等词来"告诉"中国应当采取哪些措施来缓解环境问题,报道的语篇立场多体现的是个人职业立场。由此看出两国媒体报道中国事务过程中的认知构架构建存在差异,这种研究发现为跨文化交际和认知教学,同时也为外宣工作可以提供借鉴和参考。

This article takes sixty pieces of ＂smog＂ news as the object of study, with thirty pieces from Chinese news agencies and the rest from American ones.The authors study the news from the perspectives of move and information elements for the purpose of identifying respective cognitive frames.The contrastive analysis is based on move structure and the research framework of social cognition.It is found that, in Chinese-written smog news, more officials comments are quoted and more prominence is given to government efforts.Hence, the Chinese news is largely dominated by government stance, which is influenced by collective values, while in American-written smog news, negative tone is prevalent.Reporters are eager to deliver personal or quoted comments towards ＂smog＂ in news in which abound concerns and dictations as to what steps should further be taken to alleviate environmental pollution.Thus American media show personal occupational stance.The cognitive frames are drawn up in the end, which may serve as guidance for cross-cultural communication and cognitive education, and also as an example and reference for Chinas foreign publicity.