整体主义方法论与民事立法

Holism Methodology and Civil Legislation

在如何处理个人与社会关系问题上存在着整体主义与个人主义两种不同的价值论与方法论。虽然个人主义方法在私法中处于基础地位,但社会现实的嬗变,使整体主义方法对民事立法的影响越发深远。整体主义方法论在民事立法的实体考量中具体表现为抽象人格的具体化、社会利益的考量、私人自治的限制、社会连带责任的再度勃兴等,而在民事立法的规范设置中必然涉及到民法与公法之间如何接轨、民法典与民事特别法之间如何衔接及民法典内部如何设计规范等问题。虽然学界已在民事立法中开始运用整体主义方法论,但现行民法无论在实体考量抑或规范设置上均存在不少缺憾。

As to how to deal with the relationship between individual and social problems, there are two different values and methodologies, namely, collectivism and individualism. Although the individualistic methodology in private law is the basis of the status, with the evolution of the social reality, the impact of holism on the civil legislation is becoming more and more far-reaching. In practice of civil legislation, holism is specified into the concretion of abstract personality, the consideration of social benefits, the restriction of private autonomy and the vigor of social liability. Meanwhile, the set- ting criterion of civil legislation is closely related to the intercourse of civil law and public law, the interface of civil code and the civil law and etc. Although the academic circle has been utilizing holism in the civil legislation, there exist many defects in current civil substantive consideration or criterion setting.