出国留学热与国家教育安全

Oversea Studying and National Education Security

教育系统是文化传承与创新的主要载体,一个国家、民族或者一个文化系统需要通过教育活动来教化国民,解决一个国家、民族或者文化系统中的人的理想信仰、社会道德以及制度建构等根本性问题。当下中国青少年出国留学呈低龄化、持续外流的趋势,暴露了中国教育体系的短板,出国留学热持续升温在为教育经济带来巨大收益的同时,也将引发国家教育安全问题,即学生和家长对基础教育、高等教育的质疑和不信任,进而危及国家的、民族的文化传承与创新。国家层面应采取提高教育质量、促进高校个性化发展、引进优质教育资源、提高教育竞争力、控制出国留学年龄、调控留学目的国结构等措施,以改变这一状况。本文从文化危机理论角度着眼国家教育安全出发,分析目前中国出国留学人数增长、规模持续扩大,留学目的地国家过于集中、结构失衡,出国留学年龄结构多元化、优质生源流失,留学"赤字"严重、教育服务贸易逆差巨大等问题。针对这些问题提出加强中国教育安全工作的对策建议:提高教育质量、增强国际竞争力,调整留学目的地国家结构、实现"两个均衡",限制出国留学人员年龄、开展国家安全教育,促进教育服务贸易平衡,吸引国外学生来华留学。

Education system is the main carrier of culture inheritance and innovation.The key method for a country,a nation or an education system to educate people is to take education activities.Moreover,it is the key to solving the fundamental problems of ideals,beliefs,social morality and so on in a nation or a culture system.A recent research shows that the number of teenagers studying abroad is showing a trend of younger age and sustainable outflow which exposes the shortcomings of education in China.On one hand,studying abroad continues to heat up the economy in China by bringing huge profits.On the other hand,it will eventually cause the education security issues.That is,the distrust of the students and parents to our education and higher education will be an extreme effect and then affect culture inheritance and innovation of China.China should take measures to improve the quality of education,promote the personal development of colleges,introduce high quality education resources,enhance the competitiveness of education,control the age of going abroad,and monitor the purpose of studying abroad to change this situation.The paper focuses on the national security from the perspective of cultural crisis theory,and analyzes the growing number of students studying abroad and the increasing scale of expanding.The following four huge problems are the key factors to this issue:the destination country is too concentrated;the structure is unbalanced;the age structure studying abroad is diversified;there is a loss of high quality students and serious study deficit.To deal with these problems,this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to strengthen the educational security of China:to improve the quality of education and enhance international competitiveness;to adjust the national structure of destination country;to achieve the two balance including limiting the age of overseas and carrying out national security education;to promote the balance of educational service trade to attract foreign students to study in China.