论“偈颂体”制约下的汉译佛经语言特征

On the characteristics of Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese under the influence of Gatha

从东汉初至魏晋南北朝时期,汉译佛经"偈颂体"经历了一个不断调整、适应与融合的过程,从最初的三言、四言、五言、六言等多种句式并存发展为最终五言为主、多言并存的基本句式。为满足"偈颂体"句式要求,译经者们采取拆分词语、同义连文、虚词衬音、词语省缩等多种方式整饬文句,这种调控造成了译经中某些特殊表达形式的出现,客观上也对汉语词汇语法的发展演变起到了一定促进作用。

The Eastern Han Dynasty through the Six Dynasties witnessed the Gradual formation of the stylistic feature of Gathas in Buddhist scriptures in Chinese translation. The translators would manipulate the linguistic structure by separating word form, using synonyms form, adding function words, omitting words in translation in order to satisfy the specific sentence structure. Many new phenomenon of grammar or vocabulary thus formed and promoted the evolution of Chinese language objectively