基层医院护理人员锐器伤职业暴露危险因素研究

Analysis of needlestick and sharps injuries among clinical nurses in primary hospital

目的了解基层医院护理人员锐器伤发生情况,分析发生的原因和危险因素,为制定预防措施提供依据,以降低锐器伤的发生率。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月全院护理人员发生的锐器伤暴露资料,并进行统计分析。结果此期间共发生51例针刺伤,其中以护士和护师所占比例最多,分别为56.86%、23.53%;事故发生地主要为普通病房,占总数的78.43%;暴露源为乙型肝炎者占总人数的52.94%;锐器使用后处理前发生刺伤占52.94%。结论血源性职业暴露威胁着护理人员的身体健康,必须采取有效的预防措施降低锐器伤的发生率,降低护理人员锐器伤职业暴露的危险性。

Objective To understand the incidence of sharp instrument injury among nursing staff in the primary hospitals, and to analyze the causes and risk factors, so as to provide reference opinions for prevention measures, and reduce the incidence of sharp instrument injuries. Methods The data of nursing staffs of sharp injury exposure in the hospital-wide from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and statistical analysis were performed. Results During this time, there were 51 cases of needle stick injuries, with more proportion of nurses and nurse practitioner, accounting for 56.86% of nurses, 23.53% of nurse practioner; accidents mainly happened to the general ward, accounting for 78.43%; exposure source for hepatitis B accounted for 52.94% of the total; injuries happened after sharp instrument use and deal with before, accounting for 52.94%. Conclusion Occupational bloodborne exposure threatens the health of nursing staff, and effective preventive measures must be taken to reduce the incidence rate and the nursing staff sharp injury risk of occupational exposure.