高亚洲定位监测冰川平衡线高度时空分布特征研究

Temporal and spatial distributions of the equilibrium line altitudes of the monitoring glaciers in High Asia

利用高亚洲定位监测冰川平衡线高度数据,对平衡线高度时空分布特征进行了分析.结果表明:高亚洲冰川平衡线高度在空间尺度上具有纬度地带性、经向地带性和区域性的特征.在时间尺度上,高亚洲定位监测冰川平衡线高度呈现不同程度的升高趋势.在天山山区,乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川和Ts.Tuyuksuyskiy冰川的平衡线高度在1960-2013年间,分别增加约116 m、80 m,二者相比,Ts.Tuyuksuyskiy冰川对气候变化的敏感性更高;在阿尔泰山区,No.125(Vodopadniy)冰川、Maliy Aktru冰川和Leviy Aktru冰川在1983-2007年间,平衡线高度变化趋势基本一致,总体都呈升高趋势,其中,Maliy Aktru冰川平衡线高度增幅最大,升高了约142 m;高亚洲定位监测冰川中,1962-2008年间,七一冰川平衡线高度升高速度最快,增幅最大,升高了约264 m,升高速度最为缓慢的是乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川,其增幅最小,升高了约47 m.

In this paper, the temporal and spatial distributions of the equilibrium line altitudes （ELAs） of glaciers in High Asia are studied based on the data of glaciers monitoring. The study shows that： 1） spatially, the ELAs of the monitoring glaciers in High Asia follow the latitudinal zonation, longitudinal zonation and regional zonation. 2） temporally, the ELAs of the monitoring glaciers in High Asia have increased to variously extent. During 1960-2013, the ELAs of ürümqi Glacier No.1 and Ts.Tuyuksuyskiy Glacier in the Tianshan Mountains had risen about 116 m and 80 m, respectively. Compared with the ürümqi Glacier No.1, Ts.Tuyuksuyskiy Glacier was more sensitive to climate change. During 1983-2007, the variations of the ELAs of the No.125 （Vodopadnity）, the Maily Aktru and the Leviy Aktru Glaciers were similar, as a whole, they were risen. Among them, the ELA of the Maily Aktru Glacier had risen about 142 m, ranking at the first. During 1962-2008, the ELAs of the monitoring glaciers in High Asia had risen as a whole, among them, the ELA of the Qiyi Glacier had risen about 264 m, being the fastest and the most one, while that of the ürümqi Glacier No.1 had risen about 47 m, being the slowest and least one.