新疆野杏种子贮藏方式和萌发特性的研究

Study on Seed Storage and Germination Characteristics of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.

为探讨有利于新疆野杏种子萌发的最佳种子贮藏方式、贮藏时间和萌发温度,将新鲜野杏种子采用4种贮藏方式、5个贮藏时段的贮藏,设置5个温变周期和周期性光照(光照/黑暗各12h和全黑暗)条件下进行种子萌发试验。结果表明,野杏种子萌发过程存在吸水特性;贮藏方式和贮藏时间均对种子的萌发率存在极显著的影响(P<0.01),其中低温层积方式对种子萌发率影响最大,随着贮藏时间的延长,种子的萌发率逐渐提高,光照和黑暗条件对种子萌发无显著影响(P>0.05);野杏种子贮藏100d时,在最适萌发温度15℃/25℃下,室内干藏、低温干藏、低温层积和野外埋藏的种子萌发率最高,分别是11.11%、20.00%、91.11%和48.89%,并且未萌发种子98%以上都具有活力。野杏种子具有非深度生理休眠,低温层积、贮藏100d和15℃/25℃是促进野杏种子萌发的最佳贮藏方式、贮藏时间和萌发温度。室内干藏和低温干藏可以作为野杏种子较长期的保存方法,低温层积可以用于春季野杏播种前的最佳催芽方法,并在保持贮藏水分条件下最长层积时间不能超过130d,避免种子在层积过程中萌发而无法播种。

In order to investigate the best storage method,storage time and temperature of seed germination of Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.,the fresh seeds were stored in 4ways and 5storage periods and the seed germination experiments were carried out in the light incubators within the five temperature variation cycles and periodic illumination（light/dark 12 hand darkness）.The results showed that water absorption occurred in the germination of wild apricot seeds;both storage method and storage time had significant influences on the seed germination,and storage method of cold stratification had the greatest influences;in addition,the germination rate of seeds increased gradually with the extension of storage time,and light and dark conditions had no remarkable effects on the seed germination;under the optimum temperature of15℃/25℃,the germination rates of seeds stored in indoor dry storage,low temperature dry storage,low temperature stratification and outdoor burial for 100 days were the highest,they were 11.11%,20.00%,91.11%and 48.89%respectively,and more than 98% of non-germinated seeds remained active.It is concluded that wild apricot seeds experience a period of non-deep physiological dormancy,and cold stratification,100 dstorage at 15℃/25℃ were the best storage method,storage time and germination temperature for the promotion of seed germination of wild apricot.Indoor dry storage and low temperature dry storage can be used as a longer-term preservation method,and cold stratification can be used as the best method for accelerating germination before sowing in spring;the cold stratification of seeds should be done at least 3months before sowing,and the maximum stratification time should not exceed 130 days under the condition of keeping the moisture content,meanwhile the germination should be avoided in this process.