近代周边四国朝鲜半岛战略的特质与变迁

The Characteristics and Changes of Modern Strategies of China,Japan,Russia and the U.S.towards the Korean Peninsula

19世纪末至20世纪上半叶,东亚社会历经了区域体系的碰撞、社会制度的变革、政治体制的革命与世界大战的磨难,这一动荡变迁的缩影可以聚焦和浓缩于朝鲜半岛,具体体现在周边四国（中、日、俄、美）在半岛的政治角逐与外交斡旋。近代中、日、俄、美的半岛战略各具特色,与半岛的内政、外交相互交织和博弈,对半岛的政局动向起着举足轻重的作用。概括来说,中国为保韩战略,经历了由宗藩自治到平等国家关系的建构,再到扶助韩人独立的蜕变;日本为征韩战略,经历了侵夺到蓄谋已久的侵吞,最终被驱逐出半岛;俄国为争韩战略,呈现出从跟中日角逐到退出半岛、从援助大韩民国临时政府到坐视不救、从托管半岛到扶植朝鲜的沉浮;美国为涉韩战略,经历了从涉足朝鲜半岛到坐视中日血战、日俄火拼,从置临时政府的独立诉求于不顾,到试图托管半岛并坐拥在韩特殊权威与利益的过程。

From the late of 19 th century to the early of the 20 th century,the international society of East Asia witnessed the collision between the regional systems,the transformation of the social institution,the reformation of the political system and the tribulation of the world wars.The epitome of these turbulent transition focused on the Korean peninsula,especially was reflected on the political competition and the diplomatic mediation among the modern China,Japan,Russia and the U.S..The modern strategies towards the Korean peninsula of these four big powers were interweaved and gamed with the domestic and foreign policies of the Korean peninsula regimes.These four big powers＇ strategies demonstrated their different characteristics and played decisive roles to the Korean peninsula＇s political trends.Broadly speaking,the modem China＇s was the protection to the Korean peninsula,Japan＇s was the conquest on the Korean peninsula,Russia＇s was the rivalry for the Korean peninsula and the United States＇ was the setting foot in the Korean peninsula.