传热过程中固体形状对温度分布的影响分析

Temperature Distribution with Different Solid Shapes in Heat Transfer Process

在火法精炼过程中固态金属所需要的尺寸以及具体的温度分布情况一直是个经验数据。关于固态金属在熔融金属中的温度变化很少有理论分析。针对固态金属在高温熔体中的尺寸、温度分布情况进行了研究和分析。利用微元分析法、等效替代法以及偏微分方程对温度的分布情况,随角度变化的趋势进行了定性的分析。得出固态金属在二维空间中,从方形到圆形过程,其边缘温度的分布情况。随着正多边形n的变化,温度分布趋势t'(n)先减小,后增大。当n=6时,温度分布趋势t'(n)取得最小值,也就是局部延迟现象的驱动力达到最小状态。因此大多数的熔化延迟现象结束时,角度停留在120°左右。并对固态金属钨在三维空间中的温度分布情况进行了传热模拟(周围的温度为1500℃,以及金属钨的密度为19350 kg·m^(-3)、比热容为134 J·(kg·℃)^(-1)、常温下的热导率为179 W·(m·℃)^(-1),传热时间200 s)。基于上述结论可以量化分析固态金属在高温环境下的温度分布情况,对金属在火法提纯过程中的尺寸和温度控制具有一定的指导意义。

The size and temperature distribution of the solid metal has always been an experience in the process of fire refining. There was little theoretieal analysis for a solid metal temperature variation in molten metals. This article mainly focused on the size of solid metal and temperature distribution in high temperature liquid metal. The trend was analyzed in the distribution of temperature with angle changing qualitatively by infinitesimal analysis method, equivalent replaeement method and partial differential equation. From square to round, the temperature distribution of edge in two-dimensional space could be obtained for a solid metal. With the change of regular polygon n, the temperature distribution trend t＇（n） decreased and then increased. When n = 6, the temperature distribution trend t＇（n） was of the minimum value. That is, the driving force of partial melting delay phenomenon was in minimum state. There- fore, the angle was about 120°at the end of the most partial melting delay phenomenon. The solid metal tungsten temperature distribution heat transfer simulation was eondueted in the three-dimensional space （The surrounding temperature was 1500 ℃, the density of metal tungsten was 19350 kg·m-3, heat capacity was 134 J·（ kg·℃ ） -1, thermal conductivity was 179 W·（ m·℃ ） -1, heat transfer time was 200 s）. Based on the above conclusions, solid metal temperature distribution under the environment of high temperature could be quantitatively analyzed. It had guiding signifieanee for the metal size and temperature control in the process of fire purifieation.