乡村生活空间研究进展及展望

Progress and Prospect on Rural Living Space

乡村生活空间是一定地域乡村居民居住、就业、消费和休闲等日常活动迭置而成的空间聚合体,也是一定乡村地域空间形式、空间内涵和空间意义内在关联的有机统一体。近期西方学术界对乡村生活空间的关注主要集中于两个方面:一是后生产主义乡村的生活主体多元化和生活空间异质化,二是被城市社会生活他者化和空间边缘化的不同弱势群体的乡村生活体验及空间建构。国内乡村生活空间研究具有两个鲜明特点:从研究内容看,注重乡村居民居住及就业空间变化研究,但乡村消费空间和休闲空间研究成果很少见;从研究方法看,空间形式的实证分析始终占据主导地位,空间内涵的结构分析和空间意义的人本分析有待深化。乡村生活空间研究能够丰富乡村地理学的研究视角,并可能为乡村发展政策制定提供理论指导。西方乡村生活空间研究难以提供标准模版,中国乡村生活空间研究资源得天独厚,"形式-内涵-意义"相统一的空间观能够帮助构造有效分析框架,基于空间行为分析的多种方法集成能够提供有力分析工具。

In the context of both contemporary human development transformation and humanism booming, ＇living space＇ has become a new perspective for human geographers to investigate the change of human-envi- ronment relationship, and the spatial view of integrating ＇pattern-connotation-implication＇ has also become a new thinking to interpret the interaction of human activities and environment. So far, the researches on living space have focused mainly on the urban areas and their element space and space form. In contrast, little atten- tion has been paid on the rural areas, juxtaposition space and three-dimensioned research. Rural living space re- fers to a polymer formed by the overlapping of everyday activities for rural residents in a certain territory, such as dwelling, employment, consumption and leisure, and also an organic body where spatial form, spatial impli- cation and spatial meaning are inherently associated with each other. Due to differences in development envi- ronment and concrete national situations, post-modernization and counter-urbanization in developed countries has contributed to the post-rurality in rural space. There have been two highlights on rural living space in west- em academic circles. One indicates the diversification of living subjects in rural area in the context ofpost-pro- ductivism and the heterogenization of living space, and the other refers to life experience and spatial construc- tion with respect to vulnerable groups who are ＂otherized＂ by urban social living or marginalized in space. Ru- ral region in China has kept going through function transformation and spatial reconstruction, so it is a unique significance for the livable construction of rural living space. At the present stage, there are also two distinct characteristics studying on rural living space at home. From the view of contents, studies on changes in dwell- ing space and employment space of rural residents have been played more attention, while studies on consump- tion space and leisure space are as sparse as morning stars. From the view of methods, the empirical analysis in spatial forms has occupied a leading position, while the structural analysis in spatial implication and humanis- tic analysis in spatial meaning are expected to carry forward. Notably, it is hard for westem studies on rural liv- ing space to be standardized. Studies on China＇ s rural living space own their distinct context. Effective analy- sis framework can be made from the view of space mutually unified by form, implication and meaning, apply- ing the rational of deconstructing spatial pattem by environment, perceiving spatial connotation by relationship and interpreting spatial implication by impacts, and powerful analysis tools can be created based on various methods of spatial behavior analysis, employing the research methods of combing quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, spatial analysis and statistical analysis; Which will focus on mainly exploring the features, mechanism and effects of the changes of the rural living space to reveal the change laws of rural human-envi- ronment. The expected achievements might amplify the research viewpoints, contents and methods of rural ge- ography, and provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of the rural areas.