公路运营对农田和防护林中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

The Effect of Highway on Diversity of Soil Meso-microfauna in Farmland and Shelter Forest

对距高速公路不同距离样点中小型土壤动物多样性、相似性进行统计及典范对应分析(CCA)。共捕获中小型土壤动物9 994只,隶属3纲6目15科。研究发现:1高速公路旁林地中小型土壤动物个体数高于农田;林地和农田中小型土壤动物多样性在样点和季节间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。2林地距离高速公路5 m和1 600 m样点、农田距离高速公路5 m和800 m中小型土壤动物群落相似性较低。3土壤有机质含量是影响高速公路林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落分布的重要土壤环境因子。距离高速公路远的林地和农田样点(800 m和1 600m)中小型土壤动物多样性高于近距离样点(5 m)中小型土壤动物多样性,与公路的运营对周边地区土壤理化性质、地表植被等的影响有关。

In the present study, an investigation of the composition, structure and diversity of the soil meso-mi- crofauna was conducted in the Beijing-Harbin highway with Dehui city region. Sampling sites of 5 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m and 1 600 m away from the highway region were conducted in shelter forest and cropland habi- tat in May, August and October 2013. Diversity, similarity index and canonical correspondence analysis of soil meso-microfauna were statistically analyses. The results showed that we collected 9 994 individuals belonging to 3 classes, 6 orders, 17 families. Isotomidae, Mesostigmata and Oribatida were the most dominant groups in shelter forest and cropland habitat. Abundance of shelter forest soil meso-microfauna is higher than cropland. The results from the repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant sampling sites and sampling period influ- ence on soil meso-microfaunal diversity in shelter forest and cropland habitat （P〈0.05）. The similarities of soil meso-microfaunal community between 5 m and 1 600 m sampling sites were lower than the other sampling sites in shelter forest habitat. The similarities of soil meso-microfauna community between 5 m and 800 m sam- pling sites were lower than the other sampling sites in cropland habitat. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed that the soil meso-microfaunal diversity was significantly correlated with content of soil organ- ic matter in shelter forest and cropland habitat. Our results illustrate that diversity of soil shelter forest me- so-microfauna is higher than cropland. Diversity of soil meso-microfauna of 800 m or 1 600 m sample points is higher than 5 m sample points in shelter forest and cropland habitat. The mechanism can be explained by vegetation type, human disturbance and environmental pollution.