政治权力干预、企业结社目的与行业协会的自主性——跨层级案例的比较

Political Power Intervention, Motivation of Enterprise Association and Autonomy of Trade Associations--A Comparative Study of Cross-level Cases

本文通过比较数个省级、市级、县级行业协会发展的案例,重新检视影响行业协会自主行动的因素。本文的分析更重视观察各层级行业协会在制度变迁过程中获得政治空间和社会能力的时间顺序。研究发现,政治权力干预的强度及企业结社的动机共同塑造了行业组织的自主性生成的不同机制。在省市层级,行业协会的自主性取决于政府对其的信任度,用＂独立性＂交换＂自主性＂的观察是符合现实的;但到了更下的层级,基层政府会允许行业协会自主发展的空间,而当中以维护行业利益为结社目标的协会更具有社会自治能力。

This article reexamines the factors that influence the auton- omy of trade associations through a comparative study of the development ofthe trade associations at the provincial, municipal and county levels. This re- search focuses the analysis more on the timing of acquisition of political space and social capability by the trade associations at all levels and the importance of such timing in institutional change. The research finds that the political power intervention and the motivation of enterprise association jointly shape different mechanisms governing the autonomy of trade organizations. At the provincial and municipal levels, the autonomy of trade associations depends on the government＇s trust in them ; the observation that independence is exchanged with autonomy is true to fact; but at the lower levels, the grassroots govern- ment allows space for autonomous development of the trade associations, a- mong which the associations set up to defend the trade＇s interest are more ca- pable of social autonomy.