非营利组织参与社区建设比较案例研究——以北京绿十字和匹兹堡BGC为例

Comparative Study of NPOs＇ Engagement in Community Construction--A Comparison Between Beijing Green Cross and BGC

在快速工业化和城市化过程中,我国的乡村凋敝问题日益严重,新农村建设成为基本国策,在＂政府主导、农民主体、社会参与＂原则指导下越来越多的社会组织参与到新农村建设之中。20世纪60年代以来,美国在后工业化时代的产业转型过程中,出现了严重的城市社区衰败问题。非营利性的社区发展公司在这些社区的重振中发挥了关键性作用,并形成了社区建设的公私伙伴关系模式。本文从中美两国各选取一个在社区建设方面具有代表性的非营利组织——北京绿十字和匹兹堡的布隆菲尔德-加菲尔德公司,从这两个组织的创立背景、与社区及合作伙伴的关系、治理结构、资金来源、运作方式及问责机制等角度,对中国政府主导下社会参与模式和美国的公私伙伴关系模式进行比较研究。最后总结分析两国非营利组织参与社区建设的异同之处,并探讨美国经验对我国非营利组织参与社区建设的借鉴意义。

Amid the rapid industrialization and urbanization, China sees the countryside in worsening decay and responds to the problem by mak- ing the new countryside construction into the basic national policy. Uphold- ing the principle of ＂ the government guidance, the farmers being the main actors and the participation of other sectors of society＂, more and more social organizations come to engage in the new countryside construction. In the post-industrialization period since the 1960s, the US sees grave decay of urban communication amid the industrial transformation. The non-profit communi- ty development companies play a crucial role in revival of the communities, and develop a public-private partnership （PPP） in community construction.This article compares two typical nonprofit organizations （NPOs） in commu- nity construction, one being Beijing Green Cross from China and the other Bloomfield-Garfield Corporation from the US, in terms of their back- grounds, their relations with the community as well as partners, governance structures, financial sources, operation modes and accountability mechanisms. On this basis, the article proceeds to conduct a comparative study between the social engagement mode guided by the government in China and the US PPP. In the end the article analyzes the similarities and differences between the two countries＇ NPOs＇ engagement ses how the US experience sheds light community construction, in community construction and discus- on the Chinese NPOs＇ engagement in