青藏高原的地质特征与形成演化

Geological features, the formation and the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

青藏高原由于在全球所处的特殊地位,一直是各国科学家关注和竞争研究的热点地区,但仍有众多科学问题尚未达成一致。结合最新的研究进展,着重分析讨论青藏高原形成演化中的隆升过程及其地质学证据和动力学问题。青藏高原是一个独特的地质单元,有着条块相间的构造格局,地壳厚度巨大,其隆升已是不争的事实,在古生物学、沉积学、古地貌学、岩溶学和古地磁学等方面仍在积累大量证据,但对隆升过程的具体细节仍有不同认识。目前在探测地壳的精细结构方面取得了长足进展,对青藏高原下方俯冲的前沿位置、几何形态和运动方向等取得了相对统一的认识。

With its special place in the Earth, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is always a research hotspot to attract worldwide attentions. However, there remain many contentious issues to be further explored. This paper focuses on the analysis and the discussion of the uplift process, the geological evidences, and the formation and evolution process of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This plateau is an unique geological unit, and has a strips-blocks interphase tectonic framework with crust of huge thickness. The geological evidences for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau can be found in the paleontology, the sedimentology, the paleogeomorphology, the karstology and the paleomagnetism. However, these specific details of the uplift process might have different interpretations. Great progress has been made in detecting fine structures of the earth＇s crust and mantle. Now, some consensus has been reached among the academic circles on the location, the geometry and the movement direction of the subduction beneath the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.