矿业用地取得的地役权模式探讨

Mining Land: Theory and System Design

随着我国矿业权主体多元化改革的推进,现有的矿业用地公法取得模式,难以平衡矿业开发和土地利用之间的利益关系,导致实践中出现一系列制度低效问题,矿业用地取得制度亟待改革。我国矿业用地制度创新应引入市场机制的理念,多采用私法手段来满足当前矿业用地需求。矿业地役权作为典型性的非权属转移的私法用地模式,其局部用地方式与我国矿业用地特点相互契合,理应成为我国将来矿业用地的重要方式。矿业地役权属于典型的空间地役权,地表以下一定空间为需役地,地表上下一定空间为供役地;随着我国"三权分离"土地政策的推进,土地经营权人理应与土地承包权人并列为供役地主体;鉴于矿业用地的特殊性,矿业地役权期限应由当事人自由约定,不受土地承包权剩余期限的约束。

With the advance of diversification reform of China＇s mining right, existing mining law is unable to balance the interest relationship between mining development and land use, resulting a series of systematic inefficiency in practice. China＇s mining land acquisition system should continue to innovate, more use of private law to meet the current needs of mining land. Mining public easement is a typical non-ownership transfer mode of land use. The pattern of part of the land use and the characteristics of mining land in China are mutually compatible, It should become an important way of our future acquisition of land use. Mining easement belongs to the typical space easement, the space below the surface shall be the dominant tenement, and space below and on the surface shall be the servient tenement. With the advance of China＇s ＂separation of powers＂ land policy, the holder of land management rights should constitute the main body of the easement contract with the holder of usufructuary land right. In view of the particularity of mining land, mining easement term shall be agreed upon by the parties, and is not bound by the remaining term of land contract management right.