从熔炉到战场:美国政党重组中的族裔角色

From a Melting Pot to a Battlefield:The Role of Ethnic Groups in the Reorganization of American Political Parties

特朗普当选美国下任总统有着深远的政治学意义,它暗示了美国政治文化转型和美国政党重组的深刻发展。作为美国政治文化当代转型的重要组成要素,美国政党重组很大程度上源于短期的美国经济困难和中长期的美国人口结构变化。族裔移民是推动美国人口结构变化的根本力量,进而族裔问题成为理解美国政党重组的重要因素。结合自冷战结束以来的美国政治变化,族裔因素从三个方面推动了美国政党重组:一是以族裔群体划界,加剧了美国既有的政治极化;二是通过回流聚居,催生了新的选举人口地理;三是突破传统"政治正确",加速了"边界战争"的发展。可以认为,尽管族裔因素并非推动美国政党重组的根本力量,但族裔因素的确在美国政党重组从"文化战争"向"边界战争"发展过程中发挥了催化剂作用,美国正从族裔"熔炉"向族裔"战场"演变。

The election of Trump as the next president of the United States has far-reaching significance for political science as it implies a profound development of atransformation of American political culture and an realignment of US political parties.As an important component of the contemporary transformation of American political culture,the reorganization of US political parties rises mainly from short-term US economic difficulties and long-term changes in the US demographic structure. Ethnic immigration is a fundamental force in driving the change of demographic structure in the United States,and therefore ethnic issues become an important factor in understanding the realignment of US political parties. Combined with the political changes in the United States since the end of the Cold War,ethnic factors have contributed to the realignment of American political parties in the three ways:( 1) exacerbating the existing political polarization of the United States by the demarcations of ethnic groups,;( 2) giving birth to a new electoral demographic geography with immigrant influx and ethnic concentration;( 3) accelerating the development of 'border wars'by breaking through traditional 'political correctness. 'Presumably,while ethnic elements are not the fundamental force in promoting the realignment of American political parties,they do play a catalytic role in the process of the realignment of American political parties from 'cultural wars'to 'border wars. 'The United States is evolving from an ethnic'melting pot'to an ethnic'battlefield. '