文化复兴中的村寨特色文化保护与发展——基于湖南江永浦尾女书村的调查

Protection and Development of Local Village Cultures Under the Background of Cultural Revival: A Research on the Nüshu Culture in Puwei Village

湖南江永县浦尾村是瑶族女书文字的发源地,当地女书文化曾一度濒危,近年来得以复兴。浦尾村的文化复兴是在政府、学者、商家及社会人士介入下进行的自上而下的引导性文化复兴,在保护与开发并重、文化复兴与文化传承并举及建立多元化投入机制的理念下,采取静态保护与动态保护相结合的办法,通过收集和保存女书实物、新建生态博物馆、修复特色民居、保护女书传承人、复兴女性习俗、加大对外宣传和项目申报的力度,形成有利于文化保护的外部环境等措施来复兴女书文化。浦尾村村寨文化的保护与发展经验具有代表性和典型性,对于我国许多民族地区的特色文化建构和恢复都具有重要的现实意义。

Puwei, a village in Jiangyong County of Hunan Province, was the birthplace of the Ntishu script, which literally means ＂woman＇s writing＂ in Chinese. The local Ntishu culture has been in danger of disappearing, but the recent years have seen its revival as a result of the top-down support from government to scholars, businessmen, and social communities. Guided by the ideas of equal attention to the protection and development of the Ntishu culture, simultaneous promotion of cultural revival and cultural in- heritance, and a mechanism of diversified investment, all the parties involved have done a good job preserving both the tangible and intangible cultural heritages of Ntishu. And efforts have been made to collect and preserve the Ntishu materials, build ecological mu- seums, restore dwellings with local characteristics, protect Nfishu inheritors, revitalize the local customs for women, strengthen the publicity and Ntishu-related project application, and create an environment that really benefits the protection and preservation of Ntishu culture. Today, the successful experience of Puwei Village in protecting and developing the local culture is what we should learn from when trying to construct and revitalize local cultures in many other ethnic minority communities.