城郊森林公园农户旅游收益、损失与保护态度的研究——以福建省为例

Peasants' Tourism Income,Loss and Protection Attitudes in Suburban Forest Park:Take Fujian Province for Instance

利用福建省城郊森林公园周边529户农户的调查数据,分析农户对森林公园旅游开发的损失和收益感知,采用Probit回归对这些感知变量和农户的森林公园保护态度关系进行分析。研究表明:林副产品采集受限、薪柴采集受限和木材采伐受限是农户损失感知最明显的3个变量,但是薪柴采集对农户保护态度并无显著关系;野生动物致害、林副产品采集受限和木材采伐受限等3个会明显导致农户经济创收水平下降的变量对农户保护态度具有显著负向影响。农户旅游开发收益中感知最明显的是改善通行条件,其次是获得就业机会、增加非农收入和增加休闲游乐场所;而对农户保护态度有显著正向影响的主要为获得就业机会、改善通行条件、增加休闲游乐场所和发展旅游项目4个变量。为了促进城郊森林公园的有效保护和与社区的协同发展,森林公园管理方应主动将周边农户的生计发展纳入管理范畴,并与周边农户合作,以共生互补的方式进行森林公园旅游开发和管理工作。

Background At present,some researches claimed that the urgency of protective development for forest parks,and some researchers had realized the importance of community participation in protective development.However,most of the existed researches ignored the link between peasants' protect attitude and forest park management.As an important stakeholder in the development of suburban forest parks,the surrounding community peasants' behavior would directly impact on the management of forest parks,their support and friendly and cooperative community relations play an important role in the sustainable development of forest parks.Methods The data were based on 529 peasant households surrounding 9 suburban forest parks in Fujian province.Then we used the Probit regression to analyze the relationship between peasants' perceived variables and protection attitudes.Results Limited forestry by-product,limited firewood collection,and limited wood harvesting are 3 most significant variables in most of peasant loss perception variables,because there is no significant correlation between the firewood collection and peasant protection attitudes.Variables-wildlife damage,limited forestry byproduct and limited wood harvesting have a significant negative impact on peasant protection attitudes,because they obviously reduced level of income.The most obvious perceived benefits of tourism development are transportation access improvement,followed employment opportunities increasing,non-agricultural income increasing and leisure amusement places increasing.And the variables which have significant positive effects on peasant protection attitude are employment opportunities increasing,transportation access improvement,leisure amusement places increasing and development of tourism projects.In order to promote the effective protection of the suburban forest parks and the coordinated development with the community,on the one hand,the forest park management should actively take the livelihood of the surrounding peasants into management scope.Surrounding peasants who are lost their woodland,land and limited their own economic income when establishing the forest park should be take corresponding compensation measures.The usual practice is to give compensation or offer a certain job opportunities to the surrounding peasants with a greater degree of damage.The violation of wildlife should also be included in the forest park protection management agenda.On the other hand,the forest park could cooperate with the surrounding peasants in a symbiotic way to carry out forest park tourism development management.In reality,many peasants will rely on forest parks to carry out tourism activities,and the contents of these activities have complementary relations with the main business of the forest park,which can make up for the dysfunction of the forest park reception.Therefore,the forest park management side should communicate actively with the surrounding peasants who had the cooperative willingness and the cooperation ability,and they carry out tourism activities together rely on the establishment of forest parks,and then form the symbiotic interaction development relationship.Conclusions and Discussion Community peasants are important stakeholders in the development of suburban forest parks.According to the perception of economy level and life level,peasants' protection attitude produces corresponding changes.Especially,the perception of economy level has a significant impact on the protection attitude of peasant.Therefore,in order to promote the effective protection of the suburban forest parks and coordinate community development,park manager should consider the livelihood of the surrounding peasant households and collaborate with them,to symbiotic complementarily forest park tourism development and management.