退耕还林背景下生计资本对生计策略选择的影响分析——以西藏7县为例

Impacts of Livelihood Capital on Livelihood Strategy Choice in the Conversion of Cropland to Forest Background:A Case Study of 7 Counties in Tibet

基于西藏自治区7镇172个农户的调查,采用熵值法对英国国际发展部(DFID)提出的可持续生计分析框架(SLA)下各项生计资本进行评分,并使用Logistic模型分析生计资本对生计策略选择的影响,进而对比退耕户和非退耕户生计资本水平及生计策略选择的差异,为退耕户生计策略的改善提出建议。结果表明:退耕户人力、社会和金融资本水平远高于非退耕户,自然资本略低于非退耕户。选择以农业生计策略为主的农户相对拥有较多的自然资本,而选择以非农业生计策略为主的农户拥有较多社会资本。社会、金融资本对退耕户生计策略的影响最显著,自然、物质和社会资本对非退耕户生计策略的影响最显著。基于研究建议通过发展区域特色农业、利用优惠政策发展自营及旅游业,促进剩余劳动力转移和再就业等方式改善退耕户生计策略。

Background Conversion of cropland to forest project plays an important role in improving ecological environment which is known as a remarkable ecological engineering.Since 2000,Sustainable Livelihood Framework(SLA),proposed by Department for International Development(DFID),is one of the most frequently used theories in formulating and implementing poverty relief policy.Methods To establish sustainable livelihood framework specifically for Tibet,framework,consisting core points of vulnerability,livelihood capital,cropland to forest proposal,livelihood strategy and result,is proposed based on SLA.Vulnerability,livelihood capital,conversion of cropland to forest,survival strategy and livelihood result were the 5 components of this new framework.We selected 7 counties in Tibet as the study area according to the research objectives and regional economic and social development level.Then 180 households were randomly selected for questionnaires with 172 retrieved.Among the valid questionnaires,38 came from farmers returning farmland and 134 came from non-returning.Subsequently,entropy method and logistic model were used to evaluate the livelihood capital and the impact of livelihood capital on livelihood strategy choice.Results The main results are as follows:⑴According to the result of comprehensive index,the level of livelihood capital and the structure of capital were significantly different among farmers returning farmland and nonreturning farmland.The livelihood capital standard for farmers returning farmland was higher than those not returned,especially in human,social and financial capitals.However,farmers who returned farmland had less natural capital comparing with those not returned.For peasant household,human capital had great influence on living standard,but social and financial capitals exert greater influence on improving overall living standard.⑵ According to the result of logistic model significance test,both social capital and financial capital had significant influences on the choice of farmers returning farmland.Natural capital,material capital and social capital greatly influence the choice of farmers who don't return.⑶According to sustainable livelihoods framework,survival strategy choice of peasant household often is determined by their livelihood capital.Peasant households who have more natural capital would select farming as the primary survival strategy while those who possess more social capital would prefer non-agriculture survival strategy.Conclusions and Discussion To summarize,3 suggestions are proposed referring to survival strategy classification of Scoones.Firstly,local government should develop specific breeding industry and plateau agriculture so as to make full use of pasture resource and animal husbandry advantages which in Tibet.Secondly,local governments should motivate and guide farmers who return farmland on developing self-operation and tourism through integrating all social capital,financial capital,and preferential policy.Lastly,local governments should endeavor to solve the problem of reemployment for surplus labor force.