三维水翼梢涡空泡和片空泡的雷诺数影响试验研究

Experimental Investigation of the Scale Effect of Reynolds Number for Tip Vortex Cavitation and Sheet Cavitation around a Three-Dimensional Hydrofoil

螺旋桨空化是影响船舶隐身性能的一个重要因素,其中片空泡和梢涡空泡是两种主要的空泡类型。由于空化现象的复杂性,当前在工程实践中对螺旋桨空泡的预报主要是依靠模型试验。由于无法满足全相似律,如在缩比模型试验中难以满足雷诺数相似,其引起的尺度效应是影响预报精度的重要障碍。为此,需要引入相关的修正方法。针对一个给定尺度的三维水翼进行了不同攻角、不同水速下梢涡空化及片空化的试验来考察雷诺数的影响。试验在中国船舶科学研究中心的循环水槽进行,采用了高速摄影与水声设备。试验结果为建立基于模型试验的螺旋桨空化实船预报方法提供了依据。

Cavitation on propeller plays an important role in the stealth performance of a ship. There are two main types of cavitation on a propeller： sheet cavitation and tip vortex cavitation. Due to the complexity of the cavitation phenomenon, so far the prediction of propeller cavitation for practical purpose is mainly based on model tests. Because not all the similarity criteria, such as Reynolds number, can be satisfied in a scale model test, the scale effect is an important obstacle for predicting the performance in full scale case, and some correction methods are necessary. This research is an experimental study on tip vortex cavitation and sheet cavitation of a three-dimensional hydrofoil with three scale models and at different attack angles and velocities for analyzing the effect of Reynolds number. The test was carried out in the Large Cavitation Chanel in CSSRC. By using high speed video and hydrophone, the influences of Reynolds number on the inception and evolution of tip vortex cavitation and sheet cavitation for the hydrofoil are investigated. The results will provide a helpful reference for the scale effect correction of model test results.