延川不同类型枣园蜘蛛群落多样性研究

The diversity study of spider community in different jujube orchards of Yanchuan county

蜘蛛是枣园生态系统中重要的天敌之一,研究枣园蜘蛛群落的多样性可为枣园害虫生物防治提供应用基础数据。2014年5月至10月,在延川县北村和庄头村选择4个不同管理模式的枣园样地,采用扣管法和扫网法相结合的方式进行采样,共获取蜘蛛134头,隶属于7科,其中园蛛科、蟹蛛科、逍遥蛛科、猫蛛科为优势科,狼蛛科、跳蛛科和平腹蛛科为常见类群。数据表明,评价范围内枣园的丰富度指数(dma)和多样性指数(H)较高,而其多样性指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)较低,反映出蜘蛛对不同管理模式枣园生态系统的响应;5月到7月蜘蛛数量相对稳定,7月到8月上升趋势明显,8月下旬到10月上旬开始下降;自然生长的平地枣园样地蜘蛛多样性要高于杂草单一或人工管理的其他样地,人为干扰少、相对潮湿的生态环境,更有利于蜘蛛栖息生活。

Spider is one of the important natural enemy communities in jujube orchard ecosystems. Studying the diversity of spiders is essential to provide application data for the biological control of pests in jujube orchards. Samples were collected from May to October 2014 by using both the buckle tube and sweep net methods in 4 different kinds of jujube orchards in North village and Zhuangtou village of Yanchuan county. The total number of spider collect- ed was 134 belonging to 7 families, among which Araneidae, Thomisidae, Philodromidae and Oxyopidae were dominant families while Lycosidae, Salticidae and Gnaphosidae were common families. The results showed that the index of richness （dma） and diversity （ H ） of jujube orchard were relatively high while the index of diversity （ D ） and evenness （ J ） were relatively low within the evaluation range, which reflected the spiders＇ reaction to the ecosystem in different management patterns. The number of spider was stable from May to July, rising from July to August, and then declining from August to October. The results showed that the spider diversity of sample plots in natural-grown jujube orchards were higher than that with single ruderal or human interference. Thus, the ecosystem with less man- made interference and relatively humid environment is more beneficial for spiders＇ inhabitation.