煤矿区土壤PAHs含量特征及来源解析

Concentration characteristics and sources apportionment of PAHs from the coal mining area soil

我国土壤PAHs污染日益严重且来源较为复杂,为探明煤矿区土壤PAHs的污染情况,确定其污染来源,本试验通过在煤矿区不同点位采集表层土壤样品,并以该区未受PAHs污染的土壤样品作为对照,用气相色谱—质谱方法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,结合比值法、聚类分析法及其复合分析方法探讨PAHs污染土壤的来源。结果表明:煤矿区各采样点农地土壤中萘(Naph)、苯并(g,h,i)苝(BghiP)、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘(InP)、二苯并(a,h)蒽(DbA)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)、荧蒽(Flt)、苯并(a)蒽(BaA)、(Chry)、芘(Pyr)、苯并(a)芘(BaP)和苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF)含量基本达到了对照的5倍以上,人为影响较大。在空间分布上,萘(Naph)、芴(Flu)、菲(Phe)、蒽(Anth)和二苯并(a,h)蒽(DbA)为分异型,而其余PAHs则属于强分异型,不同采样点之间PAHs空间差异较大。比值法解析PAHs的来源结果表明,该煤矿区农地土壤PAHs主要来源于焦化厂、钢厂等工厂加工的煤、石油等化石燃料燃烧以及交通车辆燃烧源的燃烧。聚类分析法结果表明,PAHs来源主要包括石油泄漏、化石燃料(石油和煤)燃烧的燃烧源以及交通尾气排放;通过两种方法联合将不同污染水平点位进行功能分类的基础上,对煤矿区不同方位上PAHs的来源进行了细化分析认为,煤矿区北部、中部、南部区域土壤PAHs可能多受石油等化石燃料燃烧影响,而西部偏北方向土壤PAHs可能更多受生物质及煤炭等燃料燃烧影响。

To determine the concentration and sources apportionment of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons（PAHs）in soil near coal mining area,the surface soil in different sites near the coal mining areas were collected. The no-polluted soil in coal mining areas were as the control. The concentrations of sixteen PAHs were determined by GC-MS,and the sources apportion- ment of PAHs were evaluated using PAHs components ratio,cluster analysis and the combina- tion of the two. The results indicated that the concentration of Naphthalene（Naph） ,Benzo[g, h, i] perylene （BghiP）, Indeno [ 1,2,3-cd] pyrene （InP）, Dibenzo [ a, hi anthracene （DbA）, Benzo [b] fluoranthen-e （BbF）, Fluoranthene （Fit）, Benzo [a] anthracene （BaA）, Chrysne （Chry）, Py- rene（Pyr） ,Benzo[a]pyrene（BaP）and Benzo[k]fluoranthene（BkF）were 5 times as much as the background value. It is strongly influenced by human activities. The contents of Naph, Flu, Phe,Anth and DbA in soil indicate quite spatial variation and other PAHs proved to be of quite great variation in distribution, which showed great difference in spatial distribution a- mong the soil samples. The PAHs components ratio indicated that the PAHs in agriculture soil of coal mining areas were mainly from the combustion of the petroleum,incomplete and other fossil fuel in coking plant, steel mills and other factories,also from the combustion of traffic e- mission, cluster analysis indicated that the sources of PAHs were oil spill,combustion of fossil fuel（petroleum and coal）and traffic emission. Based on the functional classification of different polluted levels by the combination of the two methods,the sources of PAHs in northern,cen- tral and southern coal mine area were the combustion of liquid fossil fuels, but the sources in northwest were the incomplete combustion of biomass, coal and other fuel.