不同沼渣有机肥处理对秋黄瓜产量、抗病性和品质的影响

Effects of different biogas organic manures on yield,disease resistance and quality of cucumbers grown in solar greenhouse

通过研究不同种类沼渣有机肥对日光温室栽培秋黄瓜的产量、抗病性及品质性状的试验,筛选适于日光温室秋黄瓜生产的沼渣有机肥。结果表明:施用沼渣生物菌肥和沼渣生物有机肥均可显著提高单株结瓜数和小区产量;沼渣有机肥施用效果不显著,以沼渣生物菌肥效果最好。3个处理4种病害发病率和病情指数都显著低于对照,其中沼渣生物菌肥处理的4种病害发病率和病情指数均最低,其霜霉病、白粉病、细菌性角斑病和炭疽病发病率分别为3.89%,6.14%,3.74%和2.44%,病情指数分别为2.17,5.34,2.69和2.53。沼渣生物菌肥和沼渣生物有机肥处理后,显著提高了秋黄瓜果实叶绿素含量,2处理叶绿素a含量显著高于沼渣有机肥处理和对照,叶绿素b含量则显著低于沼渣有机肥处理和对照。3个处理秋黄瓜果实含水量与对照差异未达到显著水平,对照组的pH值最高,达6.84,3个处理均显著低于对照,硬度(带皮、去皮)均为沼渣生物有机肥处理最高,分别为13.12和12.48。经隶属函数法综合评价,认为不同肥料处理在提高秋黄瓜产量、抗病性及果实品质方面效果为:沼渣生物菌肥>沼渣生物有机肥>沼渣有机肥>常规施肥(CK),沼渣生物菌肥最优。

In order to select the optimum biogas organic manure to be used in cucumber growth in solar greenhouse, comparative experiments were conducted for the effects of different types of biogas organic manures and ordinary fertilizers on the yield, disease resistance and quality of cucumbers in this paper. The results showed that both biogas bio-bacterial manure and bio- gas bio-organic manure improved the plot yield and the yield number per plant significantly, and the effect of biogas bio-bacterial manure was the best, but the effect of biogas organic ma- nure was not significant. Disease occurrence and disease indices of three treatments were lower than that of CK significantly, and the treatment of biogas bio-bacterial manure was the low-est, for which the disease occurrence of downy mildew, powdery mildew, angular leaf spot and anthracnose were 3.89%, 6.14%, 3. 74% and 2. 44% respectively;and the disease indi- ces were 2.17, 5.34, 2.69 and 2.53 respectively. Treatments of biogas bio-bacterial manure and biogas bio-organie manure improved the fruit chlorophyll contents of cucumbers grown in solar greenhouse, and the chlorophyll a contents of the two treatments were higher than that of the biogas organic manure and the control significantly, but the chlorophyll b contents were lower than that of the biogas organic manure and the control significantly. There was no sig- nificant difference among water contents of the three treatments and CK. The pH value of the three treatments was lower than that of CK significantly, and the highest pH of CK was 6.84. The fruit firmness of biogas bio-organie manure was the hardest, which were 13. 12 for fruits with skin and 12.48 for fruits without skin. The results of subordination function method for the effects of different types of biogas organic manures on the yield, disease resistance and quality of cucumbers are as follows, biogas bio-bacterial manure 〉 biogas bio-organie manure 〉 biogas organic manure 〉 common fertilizer（CK）. Thus, the biogas bio-bacterial manure was better than others.