南海海洋科研区域性合作的现实困境、制度缺陷及机制构建

Realistic Dilemma,System Defect and Mechanism Construction of Regional Cooperation of Marine Scientific Research in the South China Sea

南海是我国海洋科研的关键阵地,开展区域性合作是推进南海海洋科研进程的重要形式。然而目前南海区域性海洋科研合作面临着领土纷争、实力差距以及区域性组织缺乏等现实困境;加之《联合国海洋法公约》的海洋科研规则中的"默示同意"制度、"科研计划审批"制度、"随船参与"制度以及成果的知识产权保护等方面存在的制度缺陷,导致南海海洋科研待滞不前。构建区别式共享的区域合作机制是突破这些现实困境和制度缺陷的有效方法。

The South China Sea is a key position in China＇ s marine scientific research and regional cooperation is an important form to promote the process of marine scientific research in the South China Sea. However, the regional cooperation of marine scientific research in the South China Sea is currently confronted with the realistic dilemmas of territorial disputes, power gap and lack of regional organizations. Moreover, in terms of marine sci- entific rules of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the defects exist in the systems of ＂implied con- sent＂, ＂scientific research plan approval＂, and ＂onboard participation＂ as well as the intellectual property pro- tection of achievements, which result in the stagnation of marine scientific research in the South China Sea. Con- structing a differentiated and shared regional cooperation mechanism is an effective way to break through these realistic dilemmas and system defects.