德性伦理与智慧实践——兼论亚里士多德的道德哲学及其当代启示

Virtue Ethics and Wisdom Practice: Along with Aristotle's Moral Philosophy and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

亚里士多德在对人性研究的基础上论证了"爱智慧"的哲学真谛,探究了作为"政治动物"的"理性个体"何以成为城邦之德性个体的伦理问题。在亚氏看来,践履德性,施展实践智慧,唯有奉行"中道",遏制人性本来的"不自制"。亚里士多德的道德哲学以个体德性延展至城邦德性,既是研究"个体至善"的伦理学,又是研究"国家至善"的政治学,对构建当代公民社会具有重要价值指引。一方面,建构德性公民社会,需要培育有德性人格的社会公民,避免遮蔽灵魂、钳制人性的纯道德说教;另一方面,建构德性公民社会,需要构建一套由行政机制与立法机制共同组成的良好的国家运行机制。唯此,方能培育德性个体,构建德性社会。

On the basis of the study of human nature, Aristotle demonstrates the philosophical essence of ＂lov- ing wisdom＂ and explores the ethical issue that the rational individual as a political animal becomes the virtue in- dividual of the polis. In Aristotle＇ s opinion, the practice of virtue and wisdom can only adhere to the ＂mean＂ to suppress the ＂intemperance＂ of human nature. Aristotle＇ s moral philosophy extends the virtue from the individ- ual to the city, which is not only the ethics on the ＂excellence of individual＂, but also the politics on the ＂per- fection of state＂. It is of significant guidance of value to construct the contemporary civil society. On the one hand, constructing the civil society with virtue involves cultivating the social citizens with the moral character while avoiding the purely moral preaching that hides the soul and restricts the human nature. On the other hand, it also involves building a set of good national operating mechanism that is composed of both administrative mech- anism and legislative mechanism. Only in this way can the individual of morality be cultivated and the virtue so- ciety be constructed.