关于《静夜思》讹本和原文的接受与优劣问题——兼论诗歌接受中的“惟论兴会”心态

About the Acceptance and Merits or Drawbacks of A Tranquil Night's Wrong Versioon and Original Text: Along with Comments on the Attitude of “Only Focus on Aesthetic Inspiration” in the Poetry Acceptance

《静夜思》讹本影响竟然远远超过了原文,学界颇有人以为这是优胜劣汰的结果。实际上,此诗原文在明代已获得高度赞誉,讹本产生以后,一开始并不能够势压原文。从此诗原文在日本家喻户晓的情况看,其对读者的魅力完全可以与讹本并驾齐驱。此诗讹本在清代以来影响远远超过了原文,但绝大多数读者欣赏讹本的理由,与接受原文者对原文的赞赏并无明显不同,对于学者们细心分辨出来的讹本优于原文之处并无意识。因此,此诗讹本影响远过原文,很难说与这两个文本的自身优劣有多少联系,主要也不是接受者的优劣判断所致,造成这种局面的关键,应该在于国人接受诗歌时普遍存有的"惟论兴会"心态。

The impact of A Tranquil Night＇ s wrong version far exceeds that of its original text, which tends to be considered a result of the fittest survival by plenty of people among the academia. In fact, the original text of this poem has gained high reputation in the Ming Dynasty while its wrong version since its creation fails to suppress the original one at the very beginning. In terms of the widespread popularity of the original text in Japan, its charm for the readers are definitely comparable with the wrong version. While the impact of the wrong version has exceeded far beyond the original one since the Qing Dynasty, the reasons that the majority of readers appre- ciate the wrong version show no obvious difference with the admiration from the readers who accept the original text. Furthermore, the readers are unconscious of the aspects in which the wrong version is superior to the origi- nal text according to the identification of the careful scholars. Therefore, when it comes to the more significant impact of the wrong version over the original text, it is hard to say that there must exist more or less connections between the merits or drawbacks of the two texts and their impact. The main cause that results in this situation should not be the recipients＇ judgement of merits or drawbacks, but the general attitude of ＂only focus on aes- thetic inspiration＂ among the Chinese towards the poetry acceptance.