汶川地震灾区中学生心理复原力与创伤后成长的定性研究

Qualitative research of resilience and posttraumatic growth among adolescents in Wenchuan Earthquake region

目的:探讨汶川地震后灾区中学生创伤后成长的发展特点以及心理复原力在个体创伤后成长中的作用。方法:选取亲身经历汶川地震的46名当地中学生,运用CD-RISC心理复原力量表和PGTI创伤后成长量表对其进行了2.5年的追踪调查,再结合追踪数据特征、运用目的分层抽样筛选出9名典型个案进行深度访谈,通过Nvivo8.0软件采用主题分析法进行分析。结果:灾区中学生创伤后成长的内涵集中在发生新的可能、个人力量增强、人生哲学以及与他人关系的认知有积极转变四个方面,利他行为与精神改变并不明显。灾区中学生的心理复原力存在个体差异,心理复原力高的个体拥有更多的保护性因子和较少危险性因子,其创伤后成长的心理变化相对更多。结论:灾区中学生创伤后成长的内涵有其独特性。心理复原力对灾后个体的创伤后成长有着重要作用,过去的积极经验和对事件的积极反思及行为可促进个体创伤后成长。

Objective： This paper explores the development characteristics of posttraumatic growth, and the ac- celeration of resiliency in posttraumatic growth among adolescents after Wenchuan Earthquake. Methods： We con- structed our sample which consisted of 46 adolescents who had traumatic experience in the Wenchuan Earthquake u- sing stratified sampling method. We tracked and monitored the psychological well-being of our subjects for approxi- mately two and half years and six months using questionnaires. 9 individuals from the sample were selected based on purposeful sampling according to the longitudinal data and in-depth interviews were conducted for these selected adolescents. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews, organized by Nvivo8. 0 and analyzed using the- matic analysis. Results： Posttraumatic growth contained four dimensions, including new possibility of the emer- gence, positive changes of attitude in interpersonal relationship and in philosophy of life, personal strength except al- truistic behavior and spiritual change. Protective factors of resiliency among the interviewed students showed indi-vidual and gender differences, adolescents with a higher level of resilience had a higher level of posttraumatic growth. Conclusion： The dimensions of posttraumatic growth have unique features. Resilience plays an important role in facilitating individual＇s posttraumatic growth after the Wenchuan Earthquake. Positive experience in the past and the positive reflection on the event can promote the level of posttraumatic growth.