新型有机功能纤维的制备、结构及其性能研究

Studies on preparation, structures and characteristicsof new organic functional fibre

本论文以纤维为起始材料,设计合成了数种 PAN 新型离子交换纤维、螯合纤维以及抗菌除臭功能织物材料,对这些功能纤维材料的物理及化学结构、合成条件的优化,对不同极性气体分子、重金属离子以及有害病菌的吸附、抑灭性能进行了系统的研究。成功开拓了两种新型功能纤维的工业性批量制备工艺,并在呼吸个体防护产品和卫生保健衣物等方面获实际应用。论文主要包括如下几方面的内容:采用没有其它溶剂参与,纤维与直接1 PAN TETA 反应工艺制得种高交换容量的离子交换纤维材料(见图 1 )。借助、、、、、、1 IREASEMESCAGS-MSTGDSC 等现代测试表征技术以及模型化合物、衍生物合成方法,对这种功能纤维材料的物理化学结构特点、活性功能基、微观形貌等进行了表征与验证,通过与大孔离子交换树脂、颗粒状活性炭纤维的性能对比,提出了它对极性气体分子吸附交换的动力学特点。此外对这种功能纤维的化学、热及渗透压稳定性,静态交换容量,再生性能,对 SO2、、酸性气体以及拧檬酸等有机小分子的静、HClHF 动态吸附性能,以及温、湿度对它们的影响等进行了较为系统的研究。这一工作的创新点在于采用非溶剂体系下多元胺与纤维的直接反应,降低了可能发生的 TETA PAN 交联反应,从而使得功能纤维材料交换容量提高,纤维内密度?

In this paper, a few kinds of novel ion exchange fiber (IEF), chelating fiber (CLF)and antibacterial functional fabric were synthesized with commercial PAN fiber. Their physical and chemical structures were characterized, and the adsorption properties of these IEFs for various acidic molecules, heavy metal ions and harmful bacteria were studied. On the above basis, the semi-industrial preparation of two kinds of functional fiber and their application in the labor protection and antibacterial fabric were accomplished.1 Without any solvent, a weak basic IEF material (FFA-1 ion exchange fiber) was synthesized directly from the reaction of PAN fiber and triethylene tetraamine (TETA). The chemical structure and micro-morphology of the new IEF were characterized by using IR, EA, SEM, ESCA, GS-MS analysis, and synthesis of model compounds. The dynamic adsorption character for polar gas molecules was advanced in comparison with the adsorption properties of macro-porous ion exchange resin and granular activated charcoal. In addition, its chemical thermal osmotic stability, the regenerative properties, static or dynamic adsorption for SO2, HF, HCl gases, organic acid molecules, as well as, the influence of hunidity, CO2 content on the adsorption, were investigated systematically. The innovative points for the work are the new non-solvent synthesis method decreases the possible cross-linking reaction of PAN with TETA, and effectively enhance the exchange capacity, thus improving microstructure, dynamic adsorption properties for various acidic gases.2 On the basis of 1st part of the work: a) a kind of sanitary knitwear was prepared from the above ion exchange fiber. Its antibacterial and deodorant functions, as well as securities, were determined. The preliminary activated mechanism was suggested, and the experiments show that the novel fabric possesses excellent antibacterial functions, especially for staphylococcus aureus, Rlebsiellapneumoniae, Candida albicans and other harmful germs. b) The pilot preparation of FFA-1 non-woven cloth and sanitary knitwear, their application in the personal breathing respirator and antibacterial underclothes were accomplished.3 A new chelating fiber containing amidoxime group was synthesized together with Belarus scientists. The novel points for the work are that the fibrous material having both high exchange~~