城市老年人社会资本与焦虑、抑郁的关系

Relationship of social capital with anxiety and depression in urban elderly population in China

目的:探析社会资本与城市老年人焦虑、抑郁的关系。方法:采用自填式问卷,调查925名60岁以上的城市老年人。采用自编社会资本调查表测量调查对象社会资本状况,应用探索性因子分析提取社会资本因子。同时采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)与抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别测量调查对象焦虑与抑郁状况。基于logistic模型回归分析社会资本因子与焦虑、抑郁的关系。结果:调查对象SAS标准分均值为(35.8±6.9)分,符合焦虑者占4.4%;SDS标准分均值为(41.9±8.7)分,符合抑郁者占19.0%。Logistic回归分析显示老年人抑郁与"社会支持感"因子、"信任、互助与安全感"因子、"社会参与"因子关联(均P<0.05);"社会支持感"(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.20~0.44)、"信任、互助与安全感"(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.33~0.72)、"社会参与"(OR=0.66,95%CI:0.45~0.98)是抑郁的保护因素;"人际关系"与抑郁的相关性无统计学意义。未发现社会资本因子与焦虑之间存在有统计学意义的关联。结论:认知型社会资本以及社会参与和老年人心理健康正相关,应关注城市老年人能否在家庭与社区中获得足够的支持感、信任感与安全感,同时增加老年人参与社区活动的机会。

Objectives： To examine the relationship of social capital with anxiety and depression symptoms a- mong urban elderly in Chinm Methods： A household survey by using self-administered questionnaires was conduc- ted in 3 communities in Jinan, Shandong Province and the data of 925 people aged 60 years or over were collect- ed. The social capital indicators according to its operational definition and Zung ~ s Self-rating Depression Scale （SAS） and Zung＇s Self-rating Depression Scale were used. The social capital factors were extracted by using ex- plolatory factor analysis and were dichotomized to conduct logistic regression analysis. Results： The average stand- ard scores of SAS and SDS were （35.8 ±6. 9） and （41.9 ±8.7）, respectively. The proportion of anxiety symptom was 4. 4% and that of depression symptom was 19. 0%. Logistic regression analysis showed that perceived social support, perceived trust, reciprocity and safety and social participation were associated with self-rating depression（Ps 〈 0. 05）. Perceived social support （ OR = 0. 29, 95% CI： 0. 20 - 0.44）, perceived trust, reciprocity and safety （ OR = 0. 49, 95% CI： 0. 33 - 0. 72） and social participation （ OR = 0. 66, 95% CI： 0. 45 - 0. 98） were protective factors of depression. No significant association between social capital factors and anxiety was found. Conclusion： It suggests that social capital could be a target for elderly people＇s mental health promotion in China. Additional efforts should be taken on enhancing the elderly people＇s perceived support, trust and safety from their families and communities, as well as providing more opportunities of social activities in the neighborhoods.