高速公路施工区车流跟驰追尾冲突风险

Car following rear-end conflict risk of freeway work zone

为了在传统交通冲突评价方法不适用于施工区的情况下,定量研究高速公路施工区警告区、上游过渡区、缓冲区和作业区的车辆跟驰追尾冲突风险程度,以车辆减速率为中间变量,运用碰撞时间函数TTC和驾驶人特性之间的关系,研究高速公路施工区车辆跟驰追尾冲突风险阈值;根据车辆不同减速率对应的驾驶人生理和心理反应程度,建立碰撞时间函数、车辆减速率与驾驶人特性之间的关系模型,提出基于驾驶人特性的高速公路施工区跟驰追尾冲突风险阈值的确定方法;根据减速率的划分范围和减速率与碰撞时间函数的关系,将高速公路施工区各区段的车辆跟驰追尾风险程度划分为安全、较为安全、一般冲突和严重冲突4个风险等级,并以西安-临潼高速公路改扩建施工区为应用实例,采用实际调查数据评价高速公路施工区各区段的冲突风险程度。研究结果表明:警告区的跟驰追尾冲突风险程度最高,其冲突风险阈值、冲突点数和冲突比例都明显高于其他区段;对于同一区段,交通量越大,跟驰追尾冲突的风险性越高。该研究结果可对高速公路施工区各区段产生跟驰追尾冲突的可能性进行预判,防止交通事故的发生,同时还可对交通安全水平进行定量化判别。

In order to quantitatively study the car following rear-end conflict risk degree of the warning area, upstream transition area, buffer space and operation area of freeway work zone on the condition that traditional method of traffic conflict evaluation can not be applied to freeway work zone, taking the vehicle deceleration rate as intermediate variable, the relationship between collision time function TTC and the driver＇s characteristics was used to study the car following rear-end conflict threshold. According to physiological and psychological reactions of the driver corresponding to different vehicle deceleration rates, the relationship model among collision timefunction, deceleration rate and the driver＇s physiological and psychological characteristics was established, and the determination method of car following rear-end conflict risk threshold in freeway work zone based on the driver＇s characteristics were proposed. According to the division scope of vehicle deceleration rates and the relationship between deceleration rate and collision time function, the car following rear-end conflict risk degree of freeway work zone in each section were divided into four risk levels, namely, safe, not very safe, general conflict and serious conflict. Taking the reconstruction work zone of Xi＇an to Lintong Freeway as an example, the field data was used to evaluate the conflict risk degree of freeway work zone in each section. The results show that the car following rear-end conflict risk in warning area is the highest, the conflict risk threshold, number conflict points and conflict percentage of which are significantly higher than that of other sections. The greater the traffic volume, the higher the risk of car following rear- end conflict for the same section. The research results can predict the possibility of car following rear-end conflict of freeway work zone in each section to prevent traffic accidents. At the same time, the traffic safety level can be determined quantitatively. 4 tabs, 6 figs, 26 refs.