基于旅游者空间行为特征的景区公厕优化配置——以鼓浪屿为例

Optimal Configuration of Public Toilets in Scenic Area Based on Tourist Spatial Behavior Characteristics:A Case Study of Gulangyu

景区公厕的优化配置需要充分考虑旅游者的行为特征和规律,这也是"智慧景区"和"厕所革命"提出的新要求。该文以厦门市鼓浪屿为例,通过现场观察和问卷调研获得现有公厕的分布特征以及旅游者如厕行为特征,利用GPS跟踪设备获得旅游者空间分布特征,结合GIS网络分析确定公厕的最优配置。研究表明:1)在繁华地区可以通过新建公厕有效提升公厕的平均使用效率与平均服务能力,在局部地区可以通过扩大公厕容量达到理想的公厕使用效率与服务能力;2)建议鼓浪屿上新建的公厕数量为1~2个。该文提出的研究方法同样适用于其他城市或景区公共服务设施的合理性和有效性评价及其规划的预案研究,对传统的公共设施布局方法起到了有益补充。

The optimal configuration of public toilet in scenic area needs to take the behavior characteristics and rules of users in- to consideration,which is a new requirement of ＂smart tourist spot＂ and ＂toilet revolution＂. This paper takes Gulangyu,Xiamen for example,gets the distribution characteristics of present public toilets and the behavior characteristics of tourists by the way of on-site inspection and questionnaire survey,gains the spatial distributed characteristics of tourists using GPS tracking equip- ment, and determines the optimal allocation of public toilets combining GIS network analysis. The study shows that： 1） Building new public toilet in downtown areas can increase the average service efficiency and service ability of toilets, and in the other are- as, expanding the capacity of toilets can reach ideal service efficiency and service ability. 2） The suggested newly-built toilet number in Gulangyu is 1-2. The research is also applicable to the evaluation of the rationality and validity of other public serv- ice facility, and is a beneficial complement of traditional public utilities layout methods.