不同氮肥及施用方式对水稻养分吸收特征及产量形成的影响

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization patterns on nutrients uptake and yield formation of rice

通过田间试验研究了不同氮肥及其施用方式对水稻养分吸收及产量形成的影响。结果表明,一次性施用普通尿素、稳定尿素及缓释尿素的处理之间田面水中铵态氮浓度差别不大,施肥结束后田面水中铵态氮浓度均呈现出不断降低的趋势;分次施肥处理田面水中铵态氮浓度随追肥次数呈现出周期性的升高降低过程;一次性施用缓释尿素可以提高土壤中碱解氮及植株氮的含量,对光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度也均有提升作用,对水稻具有稳产作用。一次性施用缓释尿素可以促进整个生育期内水稻对养分的需求,可以促进灌浆期碳水化合物的累积,因此能达到与分次施肥相同的稳产效果。

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different ways of nitrogen application on nutrient uptake and yield of rice. The results showed that there was no significant difference in ammonia nitrogen concentration of paddy surface water among single basal application of urea, stable urea and slow-release urea, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in paddy surface water of the three single basal fertilization treatments showed a decreasing trend after fertilization. However, the paddy surface water ammonia nitrogen in split fertilization treatment showed a cyclical increase and reduction processes. Single basal application of slow-release urea improved soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, rice nitrogen content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and then increased the yield of rice. The results showed that single basal application of slow-release urea improved or maintained normal yield as split fertilization, which was due to single basal application of slow-release urea could meet the needs of nutrients and promote carbohydrates accumulation at filling stage of rice.