土壤环境基准的研究现状及展望

Current research and prospect of soil environmental criteria

土壤环境基准的制修订是一项紧迫而艰巨的任务,它是土壤环境标准修订的基础及科学依据.阐述了土壤环境基准的内涵及分类,综述了发达国家土壤环境基准的研究进展,对我国土壤环境基准的研究现状进行了概述.我国现有的关于土壤环境基准的研究主要是基于土壤环境污染物的背景调查和通过土壤动物及植物的毒性实验而获得的生态毒理学数据.根据现有研究的不足,提出了在研究土壤环境基准时,应将土壤与各个介质关联起来,除了关注土壤生物安全、保障土壤生态安全外,还应综合考虑土壤污染对大气环境、地表径流及地下水的影响.在此基础上,对我国土壤环境基准今后的研究方向进行了展望,以制定满足我国实际需要、适用于我国各地区的使用的科学合理的土壤环境基准值,更好地指导我国土壤环境标准的制定及管理和决策.

The development and revision of soil environmental criteria is an urgent and arduous task,which is the foundation and scientific basis of soil environmental standard.In this paper,we expounded the connotation and classification of soil environmental criteria;summarized the research advance of soil environmental criteria in some developed countries,compared the differences of quantities of soil contaminants and major factors for establishing soil environmental criteria among these countries;and finally,elaborated current research status of soil environmental criteria in China.The research on soil environmental criteria started relatively late,and could not meet the demands of the environmental protection work in China.Current research on soil environmental criteria was mainly based on the background investigation of soil environmental contaminants and the data obtained through eco-toxicological experiments on soil animals and plants.According to the shortcomings of existing research,we proposed that soil should be associated with other environment media.In addition to focusing on the safety of soil organisms and soil ecosystems,the effects of soil contaminants on atmosphere,surface runoff and groundwater should also be taken into account when studying soil environmental criteria.On this basis,the future research direction of soil environmental criteria inChina was forecasted to meet the practical demands,establish scientific and reasonable soil environmental criteria for the application of various regions in China and develop more reasonable soil environmental standard,management and decision in China.