西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

An Investigation into the Implementation of an Ecological Compensation Policy for Tourism in the Western Ethnic Areas

中共十八大、十七大和相关政府工作会议提出了完善生态补偿政策,尽快建立生态补偿机制。到目前为止,无论政府还是学术界,对于生态补偿机制建设的认识、实践更多地集中在意义和必要性层面。特别的,在实践层面上,近年来各地各级政府相继出台了带有补偿性质的一些政策和措施,而这些具有政府行政事业性收费的合法性、透明性仍然受到了各界的质疑。本文归纳出我国旅游生态补偿政策实施过程中所存在的突出现实问题,结合对西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施所面临特殊现实背景的分析,特别强调必须解决旅游开发中对少数民族社区进行生态补偿的问题,并尝试性提出了一系列旅游生态补偿政策实施的对策建议,以期既从制度层面上对旅游生态补偿政策实施提供更有力的支撑,又从现实领域协调旅游开发与生态保护、社区发展之间的矛盾,最终促进西部民族地区实现生态补偿、旅游扶贫与生态文明建设共赢目标的实现。

The ethnic regions of Western Chi- na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re- sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec- ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years＇ inyestigation, it is obvious that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi- ronment and local communities. During the 18th and 17＇h National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab- lishment of an ecological compensation mecha- nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev- els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer- tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning imacy of the charges of compensation. Thus, the the impartiality and legit- such policy of ecological task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta- cles. At present, the core research issue on eco- logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al- ready clearly stated in official documents from cen- tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are： in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should becharged; how will the revenue from the charge be used; how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.