日语完成体的跨语言视角

Perfect in Japanese:A Cross-Linguistic Perspective

跨语言研究一般认为完成体涉及六种语用性质的用法,即持续性用法、效力性用法、经历性用法、新消息用法、先时性用法和示证性用法。本文参照其它语言完成体的研究成果,分析了日语「シテイル」完成体功能的几种用法。「シテイル」的持续性用法是进行体和持续体功能的一部分,与完成体无关。它的效力性用法、示证性用法和经历性用法体现出不同程度的现时相关性,而它的先时性用法典型地出现在时间复句的主句和叙事性语篇中。另外,它不具备典型的新消息用法。

Cross-linguistic research on perfects shows that they involve 6 pragmatic uses, i.e. continuous use, resultativc use, experiential use, hot news use, anterior use and evidential use. With a reference to the findings on the perfects in other languages, this paper discusses these pragmatic uses of Japanese perfect -teiru. -Teiru has the continuous use, which is considered as a part of functions of progressive and resultative, however. Itsresultative use, evidential use and experiential use exhibit different degrees of current relevance. Its anterior use is typically found in the main clauses of temporal complex sentences and narrative discourse. It does not possess the hot news use.