从《共产党宣言》早期译介看中日间术语的互动

Observing the Sino-Japan terminology interactivities from the Early Translation of The Communist Manifesto

学术界关于马克思主义术语的研究多侧重于早期翻译、传播途径、文本考证等方面的问题,而忽略了各方面要素的有机衔接。本文为了廓清汉语中马克思主义术语的生成过程,从语言接触与互动的视角,以中日两国早期译介的《共产党宣言》为语料,在文本比对的基础上,共时地考察了中日两国早期译本的术语互动,同时还历时地探究了我国早期译本中术语的嬗变过程。认为在《共产党宣言》的早期译介过程中,源自日语的术语曾发挥过重要的作用,但我国学术界一直没有停止新术语的创出,经几代人的努力,逐渐地完善了汉语中马克思主义学说的术语体系。

Academic research on Marxist terminology focuses more on the issues like its early translation, route of transmission, textual criticism, and ignores the organic link between and among the elements in every aspect. The paper, in order to clear the generation process of Marxist terminology in Chinese, examines synchronically the term interaction in its early translations in between China and Japan and explores diachronically the early versions of term evolution process in China from the perspective of language contact and interaction and with the early translations of Manifesto of the Communist Party in between the two countries as the corpus and on the basis of text alignment. In the end, the paper concludes that, in the early translations of the book into Chinese, the terms from Japanese have played an important role; Chinese academic circle, however, never stops its own efforts on term creation, and after generations gradually improves the term system of Marxist theory in Chinese.