藻类生态型研究进展

Advance in algal ecotypes research

藻类是海洋中重要的初级生产者,从热带到极地均有分布。在不同的生态环境中,藻类为了适应不同环境条件及环境变化,逐渐形成了不同的生态类型。本文对生态型的概念、研究方法进行归纳总结,提出大型藻类生态型的划分方法,即根据生态环境、生物学特征和遗传特征进行划分。着重分析了藻类生态型的研究现状、存在的问题,提出表型特征可以作为一个划分生态型的参考因素,但不能作为绝对的衡量标准。最后,作者通过分析黄海漂浮浒苔的环境特点、遗传差异和生物学特征,将漂浮浒苔视为一种漂浮生态型。

Algae distribute from the tropics to the poles, and are important marine primary pro- ducers. Some algae gradually form different ecotypes during their adaptation to different environ- mental conditions and environmental changes. In this article, the definition and research methods of algal ecotypes are summarized. Algal ecotypes should be determined according to their ecologi- cal niches, biological and genetic characteristics. Through analyzing the current situations and problems in this field, it is concluded that phenotypie traits can be used as reference factors, but not as absolute standards. A new floating ecotype is defined in Ulva （Enteromorpha） prolifera, after analyzing the environment of the Yellow Sea, genetic differences and biological characteris- tics of the floating population.