中国铁路大数据应用顶层设计研究与实践

On Top-Level Design for China Railway's Big Data Application & Case Study

大数据时代数据成为企业核心资产和提升竞争力的源泉,处在改革转型期的我国铁路为实现提高经营效益、保障运输安全、优化运能效率、提升服务能力等目标,对于大数据技术有着极为迫切的应用需求。阐述我国铁路在大数据时代面临的数据共享困难、数据治理手段缺乏、数据分析能力不足、数据创新应用需求迫切等系列挑战,从铁路大数据发展整体出发提出铁路大数据应用顶层设计的重要性。铁路大数据应用顶层设计划分为大数据基础设施体系、大数据汇集体系、大数据资产体系、大数据治理体系、大数据分析体系及大数据应用体系等6个部分。详细分析铁路行业在客货运输、基础设施检测、动车组管理、工程建设等方面已经开展的大数据典型应用,并给出铁路大数据应用的分阶段实施建议。

In the big data era, data have become core assets of enterprises and the source of enhancing competitiveness. In order to realize the goal of improving operational efficiency, ensuring transport safety, optimizing transport efficiency and improving services, China＇s railway urgently calls for the application of big data technologies. This paper expounds on challenges faced by China＇s railway sector including those in data sharing, lack of data management methods and deficient data analysis and data innovation, and highlights the importance of top-level design for the application of railway big data from the perspective of the overall development of railway big data. The top-level design for the application of railway big data is composed of six parts： big data infrastructure system, big data collection system, big data asset system, big data management system, big data analysis system and big data application system. This article analyzes in detail the typical cases of big data application in passenger and freight transport, infrastructure inspection, EMU management, engineering construction etc., and offers suggestions for different phases of application of railway big data.