高尔夫挥杆练习方法动作的生物力学研究

Biomechanical Study on the Technique of Practice Methods in Golf

目的:探究空挥杆练习和挥杆击打室内练习球两种高尔夫挥杆练习方法动作与真实挥杆击球动作之间的生物力学差异,分析造成差异的原因,为合理选择高尔夫练习方法提供理论依据。方法:运用三维运动学与肌电图同步的方法,对10名高尔夫专项的男性大学生在空挥杆练习、真实挥杆击球和挥杆击打室内练习球的条件下进行挥杆动作技术测试,采用单因素重复测量方差分析分别对比空挥杆练习和击打室内练习球与真实挥杆击球的差异。结果:空挥杆练习下杆阶段挥杆时长显著小于真实挥杆击球的(P<0.01),此阶段左侧竖脊肌和左右两侧背阔肌肌电RMS值均显著小于真实挥杆击球时的(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01),且空挥杆练习的杆头速度显著小于真实挥杆击球的(P<0.01);击打室内练习球的各项指标则与真实挥杆击球的均无显著性差异。结论:空挥杆练习比真实挥杆击球的击球效果差,但所动员的肌肉活动特点相近,新手可用来熟悉技术动作,以及相关肌肉的针对性训练;击打室内练习球时的杆头速度和肌肉活动模式、活动程度与真实挥杆击球动都十分接近,此练习方法可在熟悉动作后用于提高运动成绩的室内训练。

Objective： This research aimed to examine whether there were biomechanical differences between practice swing and swing with indoor practice ball both of which were commonly employed among golfers when they practice. The mechanism was also explored to better golf training. M ethods： 10 students majoring in golf were instructed to execute swings.The technique of practice swing,swing with indoor practice ball and real swing were recorded by kinematic tests and EM G tests synchronously. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the differences between practice swing,swing with indoor practice ball and real swing respectively. Results： The club head speed of practice swing was significantly lower than real swing（ P〈0. 01）. The duration for downswing of practice swing was significantly greater than real swing（ P〈0. 01）,when the RM S values of left erector spinae and bilateral latissimus dorsi were significantly lower than real swing（ P〈0. 05 and P〈0. 01 respectively）. Parameters of swing with indoor practice ball were not significantly different from real swing. Conclusion： Though practice swing showed a lower club head speed than real swing,practice swing and real swing shared muscle activity patterns. Thus,practice swing should be employed in the first stage when players begin to learn howto swing. Since swing with indoor practice ball showed no significant differences compared with real swing,it was thought to dominate indoor practicing when players proficient in swing to better their performance.