江西省城乡居民高血压患病现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on prevalence of hypertension and the risk factors among urban and rural residents in Jiangxi province

目的明确江西省年龄>15岁人群高血压患病现状及其主要危险因素,为制订高血压防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取江西省年龄>15岁的常住居民15 296人于2013年11月至2014年8月开展心血管病患病现况调查,分析高血压患病流行情况及其相关影响因素。结果江西省年龄>15岁人群高血压患病率29.00%,标化患病率为15.69%,知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为64.77%、27.07%和12.58%;城市和农村居民高血压患病率分别为33.76%、24.04%,标化率分别为17.49%、13.98%,城市高于农村(χ~2=175.32,P<0.01)。男女患病率分别为30.07%,28.26%,标化率分别为17.43%、14.51%,男性高于女性(χ~2=5.71,P<0.05)。不同性别人群的高血压患病率随年龄增长有上升趋势,经趋势χ~2检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着体质量指数(BMI)和(或)腰围的增加,人群高血压患病率呈明显的上升趋势。多因素回归分析结果显示:增龄、高BMI、腹型肥胖、高身体脂肪率为男、女高血压的独立危险因素,绝经为女性高血压的危险因素,而适当饮酒是女性高血压的保护因素。结论应加强对江西省居民尤其是城市人群血压和体质量监测,积极开展患者及高危人群健康教育与干预。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and major risk factors of hypertension among population aged 15 years or older in Jiangxi province,and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Methods Between November 2013 and August 2014,15 296 residents aged 15 years or older in Jiangxi province were sampled using a multistage,stratified sampling method to investigate the epidemic status of cardiovascular disease. Prevalence situation of hypertension and related risk factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 29.00%,standardized rate was 15.69%. The awareness,treatment and control rate were 64.77%,27.07% and 12.58% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in city than in the rural（17.49% vs 13.98%,χ~2=175.32,P〈0.01）,and also higher in male than in female（17.43% vs 14.51%,χ~2=5.71,P〈0.05）. The prevalence of hypertension was in upward trend in older population of different sex,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The prevalence of hypertension showed a rising trend with the increase of body mass index（BMI）and waist circumference. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,high BMI,abdominal obesity and high body fat rate were independent risk factors of hypertension in male and female. Menopause was the risk factor and appropriate drinking was the protective factor for women. Conclusion It is needed to strengthen the monitoring of blood pressure and body weight of residents in Jiangxi province,especially in the urban population,and actively carry out health education and intervention for patients in high risk groups.